Henry VII Flashcards
When was the Battle of Bosworth Field?
22nd August 1485
When did Henry VII date the beginning of his reign?
21st of August 1485
“Why was Henry VII’s date change important?”
He could claim that all those that fought against him were traitors, and could have Acts of Attainder brought against them.
When was Henry VII crowned?
30th August 1485
Why was the date of his Coronation significant?
It was before Parliament met, so that his power was not drawn from them but from his claim to the throne.
When was Parliament called?
7th November 1485
Who can call Parliament?
Only the Monarch
When did Henry VII and Elizabeth of York marry?
January 1486
What was so significant about Elizabeth of York?
“She was the strongest and one of the last claimants of the Yorkist line. This meant Yorkists now had to be loyal to Henry, or at least to his wife who was under Henry VII’s control.”
When was Prince Arthur born?
September 1486
What is significant about Prince Arthur?
Combining both Yorkist and Lancastrian lines he was an undisputed claimant, he secured a succession for Henry VII.
After the Battle of Bosworth how many knighthoods did Henry give out?
11
What happened to other claimants after the Battle of Bosworth?
Locked up, such as the Earl of Warwick
When was the Earl of Warwick imprisoned?
22nd August 1485
Who was appointed Lord Chamberlain for Henry VII?
Sir William Stanley
Who was Sir William Stanley to Henry VII?
“Originally supported Richard, he switched sides at the Battle of Bosworth leading to Henry’s success and was highly trusted.”
When was the Viscount Lovell and Stafford rebellion?
23rd April 1486 - 14th May 1486
Where was the Lovell and Stafford uprising?
Viscount Lovell was in Yorkshire, the Stafford brothers in the Midlands
Who was the Lovell and Stafford rebellion appealing to?
Yorkists not accepting the Battle of Bosworth
What happened to the Viscount Lovell?
Lovell was allowed back into society as a Justice in an Assize court
What happened to Stafford?
Executed after leaving sanctuary
When was the Lambert Simnel impostiture?
1487
What did Lambert Simnel claim?
He pretended to be the Earl of Warwick
Who supported Lambert Simnel in court?
The Earl of Lincoln
When was Lambert Simnel crowned King Edward VI of Ireland?
24th of May 1487
How did Henry try to counteract the rebellion?
He paraded the real Earl of Warwick, forcing the Earl of Lincoln out, but the rebellion continued
Who helped the Earl of Lincoln and Lambert Simnel?
Margaret of Burgundy
Who helped the Earl of Lincoln and Lambert Simnel?
Margaret of Burgundy
“When did Margaret of Burgundy’s funded mercenary army land in England?”
4th June 1487
What was the Lambert Simnel army made up of?
4500 Irish mercenaries provided by the Earl of Kildare, the rest up to 8000 were from local gentry support in England
When was the Battle of Stoke field?
16 June 1487
Who led the English army in the Battle of Stoke Field?
Earl of Oxford
What was the outcome of the Battle of Stoke Field?
Simnel was captured
What happened to Lambert Simnel?
He was pardoned and made a spit-turner, later being promoted to falconer?
How many knighthoods were awarded after the Battle of Stoke Field?
52 men were knighted.
When was the Yorkshire taxation Rebellion?
1489
What tax caused the Yorkshire Taxation Rebellion?
Henry VII wanted to raise £100,000 to support Brittany
Why did Yorkshire not want to pay Henry?
“They had a poor harvest and didn’t respect a Lancastrian claimant”
How much money was raised in the end from the Yorkshire Taxation Rebellion?
£27,000
What significant event occurred during the Yorkshire Taxation Rebellion?
The Earl of Northumberland appealed Henry directly and was refused, when he returned to Yorkshire he was murdered.
When was the Earl of Northumberland murdered?
April 1489
What was the consequence of the murder of the Earl of Northumberland.
He had to appoint the Duke of Surrey, a previous enemy to govern York, however the Duke stayed loyal.
When was the Perkin Warbeck Impostiture?
1491-99
Who was Perkin Warbeck?
A cloth trader from Flanders
Who did Perkin Warbeck pretend to be?
Richard Duke of York
Where did the Perkin Impostiture begin?
Ireland
When did Perkin Warbeck flee to Burgundy?
1492
What did Perkin Warbeck do in Burgundy?
“He was trained to be a Prince and created a ‘Court in Exile’ involving many of Henry’s court such as Sir William Stanley”
When did Perkin Warbeck attempt to land on England for the first time?
1495
Where does Perkin Warbeck flee after his defeat in 1485?
Ireland, then Scotland
When was Perkin Warbeck forced to flee France and why?
1492 after the Treaty of Etaples
When and why was Perkin Warbeck forced to leave Burgundy?
“After Henry VII embargoed trade with the HRE and Hanseatic League, they were forced to reject Perkin Warbeck’s claim”
When was an Act of Attainder brought against Sir William Stanley?
January 1495
When did Perkin Warbeck receive support from Scotland?
November 1495
What support did Perkin Warbeck receive?
Military support and a pension of £1200
How was the Perkin Warbeck and James IV of Scotland invasion force stopped?
Marriage agreement between James IV and Margaret of England
Why and When was Perkin Warbeck expelled from Scotland?
The June 1497 Truce of Ayaton
When did Perkin Warbeck use the Cornish Rebellion to his advantage?
17 September 1497, laying siege to Exeter
When was Perkin Warbeck imprisoned?
5 October 1497
“When was Perkin Warbeck’s escape attempt?”
June 1489
“Who else was implicated in Perkin Warbeck’s escape attempt?”
The Earl of Warwick
When was the Earl of Warwick and Perkin Warbeck executed?
23rd of November 1499
When was the Cornish Taxation Rebellion?
1497
What happened just before in Cornwall during the Taxation Rebellion?
Tin mines were closed 1496 in an attempt to keep Cornwall in line with England
What did the Cornish people propose instead of a tax on them?
A property tax on York since it was to fund a war against Scotland
What was the force of the rebels?
Lord Audley led 15,000 just outside London at Blackheath
What happened at the battle of Blackheath?
Slaughter, 1000 rebels killed
When was Edmund de la Pole imprisoned?
Treaty of Windsor 1506
When was Edmund de la Pole executed?
Against the agreement with the HRE, 1513
When did Richard de la Pole die?
Battle of pavia 1525, fighting for the French
When did Henry ban the Magnates from having armies (banning retaining)?
1487 and 1504
“How did the new laws surrounding retaining control the Magnates’ power?”
1504 - new licensing system where retaining was only allowed with a seal from the Privy Council
What did Henry actually believe about retaining?
Could be useful, for example his reliance on the Earl of Northumberland at the Battle of Stoke
How much was Lord Burgavenny fined for his excess of retainers?
£5/person overall the fine was £70,550
How much was the Earl of Oxford fined?
£15,000
Why is the fine of the Earl of Oxford significant?
“He was one of Henry’s closest advisors”
How did Henry accrue Land naturally?
25% of Nobles died without an heir, this became Crown property
How many Nobles did Henry create?
1 Earl, 5 Barons
By how much did peers drop?
57 to 44
What would Henry give out instead of Land or Titles?
“Order’s of the Garter”
Why are the Order of the Garter favoured by him?
Attached no money or land and was highly prestigious, literally rewarding the nobles in status without the cost of elevating their rank.
How many Orders of the Garter did Henry give out?
37
What are bonds and recognisances?
A noble or any person would make a promise to the King, in return he would suspend a sentence/fine or he would create a sum of money to be paid if the promise was broken. This raised money and kept loyalty but was widely disliked.
“How many Nobles by the end of Henry’s reign were stuck in a bond?”
36/62
How long did Henry hold the lands of the Earl of Northumberland?
10 years
When did the young Earl of Northumberland get his lands back from Henry when he came of age?
20
“What class made up the Justice’s of the Peace?”
Gentry, who had small regional power but lacked widespread money or favour to rebell
“How often were JP’s chosen?”
Every year
“What was associated with JP’s?”
High status, maintaining you were a JP was integral as losing your position was a humiliation.
“How many JP’s were there by county on average?”
18
“What court did the JP’s oversee?”
Quarter Sessions and County Assizes
When were JPs given the power to grant bail?
1487
“When were JP’s given abilities to remove jurors?”
1487
“When could JP’s assign punishments (except death) without a jury?”
1495
Who could challenge a verdict of a JP?
Anyone
“Where did appeals go from JP’s?”
“Court of the King’s Bench”
How did people know about this appeals?
“JP’s had to announce it every trial before the court.”
What did Church Courts oversee?
Church matters such as the conviction of the clergy, marriage and moral offences.
What did the Manor Courts deal with?
Landholding and disputes over land use
What did the Borough Courts deal with?
Trading standards and commerce
What did Assize courts deal with?
“Major cases too tough for JP’s”
What did Quarter Sessions deal with?
“JP’s oversaw them and it was common criminal cases and administrative affairs usually”
What were Special Commissions meant to deal with?
ad hoc basis usually set up after a rebellion to administer justice quickly
What was the Common Pleas court for?
Major civil cases
What was the Court of the Exchequer for?
Royal revenues
