CABS: Infectious Pulmonary Disorders

Question 1

Pneumonia is

Answer 1

infection within the lungs

Question 2

Plasma leaks into the alveoli causing edema which leads to

Answer 2

decreased perfusion

Question 3

Aspiration pneumonia is m/c in pts with

Answer 3

decreased cough reflex

Question 4

microaspiration is m/c causes of

Answer 4

increased bacterial load within the lungs
ie. GERD

Question 5

most common PNE

Answer 5

strep. pneumoniae
associated with 65% of CAP

Question 6

types of PNE

Answer 6

CAP
Hosp acquired
Vent acquired

Question 7

Smoking decreases

Answer 7

ciliary function - allowing for colonization in alveoli
functionality of mucosa of the resp system

Question 8

ssx PNE

Answer 8

cough
hypoxemia
tachycardia
SOB

Question 9

Types of PNE described on Xray

Answer 9

Interstitial PNE or lobar PNE

Question 10

interstitial PNE is most likely viral or bacterial

Answer 10

viral

Question 11

PNE can lead to

Answer 11

scarring/ fibrosis

Question 12

PNE – lung injury (hypoxemia) –>

Answer 12

ARDS

Question 13

PNE – bacteremia (organ infection – organ injury or dysfunction) –>

Answer 13

Sepsis

Question 14

Aspiration PNE is most associated with

Answer 14

acid reflux
impaired consciousness
impaired cough reflex
impaired swallowing

Question 15

mycobacteria most commonly causes what two infections

Answer 15

TB
leprosy

Question 16

How to test for mycobacteria

Answer 16

acid fast stain

Question 17

Clinical presentation of TB

Answer 17

cough
hemoptysis
pleuritic pain
night sweats
wt loss
fatigue
fever/chills

Question 18

TB infection steps

Answer 18

lives in macrophage
body walls off
inside necrosis - pH drops
will rupture the walled off area and reactivate later

Question 19

TB infectious stages

Answer 19

primary TB (initial sx after exposure, granuloma is formed)
progressive primary TB (new TB infection or newly active disease)
latent TB (walled off)
reactivation

Question 20

TB skin test will be hypersensitive during the (what part of TB)

Answer 20

initial infection

Question 21

Treatment for Bronchitis

Answer 21

Bronchodilator
no abx because it is usually viral

Question 22

Bronchitis is

Answer 22

inflammatory resp in the lower resp tract - affects the bronchi

Question 23

What is the m/c cause of bronchitis

Answer 23

RSV

Question 24

Epiglottitis is

Answer 24

inflammation of the epiglottis (hard to get air through)

Question 25

What sound will epiglottitis cause

Answer 25

stridor

Question 26

where do we usually see epiglottis

Answer 26

older generation that is weaning off of some of their immunizations (H flu m/c)

Question 27

stridor is

Answer 27

inflammation that leads to turbulent air movement
airway obstruction

Question 28

Presentation of epiglottitis

Answer 28

ST
dyspnea
fever
cough
dysphagia
hot potato voice
stridor drooling

Question 29

triad for epiglottitis

Answer 29

drooling
dysphagia
distress

Question 30

Bordetella Pertussis causes

Answer 30

pertussis (whooping cough)

Question 31

pertussis toxin causes

Answer 31

histamine sensitization
increased insulin synthesis
promotes lymphocytes production but inhibits phagocytosis

Question 32

pertussis (whooping cough) stages

Answer 32

catarrhal stage (pt is most contagious, URI with fever mild cough)
paroxysmal stage (coughing fits, “whoop”)
convalescent stage (pt is no longer contagious, fits are less frequent)