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Psychology And Sociology > models of health > Flashcards

models of health Flashcards

1
Q

what is the medical model of disability

A

disability is caused by deviation from the medical norm
interventions should aim at returning the patient back to medical norm

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2
Q

what is the social model of disability

A

intrinsic failure of society to adjust to those with differing needs
is a form of social oppression and social change is required to prevent disability occurring

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3
Q

what is the WHO definition of impairment

A

physical abnormality in structure, or an abnormality in the function of the body

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4
Q

what is the WHO definition of disability

A

difficulty in performing certain tasks due to an impairment

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5
Q

what is the WHO definition of handicap

A

the broader social and psychological consequences of living with an impairment or disability

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6
Q

what are lay beliefs

A

stem from what health means to the average person who has no medical training
can be socially embedded and can influence behaviour regarding health

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7
Q

how do lay beliefs develop

A

naturally as a community seeks to understand health conditions

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8
Q

what is health behaviour

A

activity undertaken to maintain health and prevent illness

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9
Q

what is illness behaviour

A

activity undertaken by a patient who feels ill to define the problem and seek treatment

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10
Q

what can impact illness behaviour

A

culture
visibility of symptoms
extent of disruption
information available
lay referral

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11
Q

what is sick role behaviour

A

activity performed by a patient who is ill to actively make themselves better

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12
Q

what are deniers in terms of adherence to treatment

A

individuals who dont believe they have the disease so dont follow the treatment plan as that would mean accepting the condition

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13
Q

what are distancers in terms of adherence to treatment

A

individuals who downplay their condition and symptoms as not needing treatment and not serious

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14
Q

what are accepters in terms of adherence to treatment

A

accept they have the condition and view it as vital they adhere to treatment plan so they can achieve normal life

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15
Q

what are pragmatists in terms of adherence to treatment

A

seek help only on deterioration/when the condition becomes practically bothersome

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16
Q

what is health promotion

A

the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their own health

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17
Q

what are 5 ways of health promotion

A

medical interventions
behaviour change
educational
empowerment
social change

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18
Q

what are primary interventions

A

prevent the onset of disease by reducing exposure to risk factors

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19
Q

what are secondary interventions

A

aim to detect and treat a disease at an early stage to prevent further complications

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20
Q

what are tertiary interventions

A

aim to minimise the effects of established disease

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21
Q

what are screening programmes

A

form of secondary prevention that acts to detect early stages of a disease in order to treat it before it becomes an issue

22
Q

what are the Wilson-Junger criteria for screening programmes

A

condition for which it screens must be frequent and severe
all possible primary interventions must be in place
test must be simple, safe, precise, and inexpensive
must be an agreed target population
must be evidence that intervention at pre-symptomatic stage is beneficial
opportunity cost must be acceptable
screening programme must be possible to implement

23
Q

what is mass screening and give an example

A

screen every individual for diseases
new born blood spot tests

24
Q

what is selective screening and give an example

A

involves screening only for at risk population
cervical screenign

25
Q

what is opportunistic screening and give an example

A

implemented only when the opportunity arises
GP checks the BP of anyone over 60 when they come for an appointment, just a test because they are there

26
Q

what is the theory of planned behaviour used for

A

use to predict and explain why people engage in risky behaviours

27
Q

what factors influence the theory of planned behaviour

A

attitude
perceived behavioural control
intention to carry out the behaviour

28
Q

what is the COM-B model

A

capability, opportunity, motivation, all of which affect the ability and probability to carry out risky behaviour

29
Q

what is the health belief model

A

looks at factors which affect ones beliefs about their health such as susceptibility, severity, and cues to action

30
Q

what is the stages of change model and what are the 6 stages

A

identifies which stage of behavioural change a person is currently in
precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse

31
Q

what is the biomedical model of health

A

considers the influence of biological factors on human behaviour
views that physical factors influence and cause illness

32
Q

why is the biomedical model of health criticised

A

biological reductionism as it does not consider the possible influence of the environmental and cognitive factors on behaviour

33
Q

what is the biopsychosocial model of health

A

takes account of biological, psychosocial, and social factors
there is patient responsibility because lifestyle has an influence

34
Q

what are the obligations of the social system in the sick role

A

demonstrate motivation to get well
seek technically competent medical help and co-operate with the clinician

35
Q

what are the rights of the social system in the sick role

A

exemption from normal role responsibilities
not to be held responsible for their sickness

36
Q

what are the obligations of the dr in the sick role

A

to be technically competent
to be affectively neutral and objective

37
Q

what are the rights of the dr in the sick role

A

to be treated by society as a professional, with a degree of independence
to be allowed access to taboo areas, such as the sick persons body

38
Q

what is determinism

A

we are determined by social structures

39
Q

what is voluntarism

A

individual has free will

40
Q

what is the definition of expertise

A

expert opinion or knowledge often obtained through the action of submitting a matter to and its consideration by experts

the quality or state of being expert, skill, or expertness in a particular branch of study or report

41
Q

what is the definition of belief

A

mental conviction

42
Q

what is medical dominance

A

professions authority to determine what is to be counted a sickness
over patients and other professions in terms of division of health-related labour

43
Q

why has medical dominance declined

A

the rise of managerialism in the health service
developments in nursing practice
the increasing importance of patient voices in health
changing social conceptualisations of expertise

44
Q

what are the 4 typologies of caring

A

carers as resources
carers as co workers
carers as co-clients
superseded carers

45
Q

what is health inequity

A

refers to avoidable differences in health between different groups of people
result of unfair systems that negatively affect peoples living condition, access to healthcare, and overall health status

46
Q

what are the 4 mechanisms of health inequalities

A

behavioural model
psychosocial model
materialist model
life-course model

47
Q

what is social gerontology

A

the study of social aspects of ageing and of ageing populations

48
Q

what is chronological ageing

A

how old a person is in terms of time since birth

49
Q

what is biological ageing

A

changes in a persons physical state that accompany chronological ageing

50
Q

what is functional age

A

defined on the basis of functional measures of daily living

51
Q

what is social ageing

A

social expectations about how older people should behave or appear as they grow older

Psychology And Sociology (9 decks)

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