Personality disorders Flashcards
What is a personality disorder?
personality traits/systems that are maladaptive
Five characteristics of personality disorders>
- Atypical
- Causes problems/harm (to individual AND others)
- Must include a level of social dysfunction
- Stable over time
- Ego-syntonic behaviour (behaviours that align with self-perception
What was Funder’s proposal of how Personality Disorders arise? (2013)
PD are a manifestation of healthy typical traits that have gone wrong somehow
-e.g. (independent, self-sufficient>schizoid) (proud>narcissitic)
2 key characteristics of PD>
> social
stable
ego-syntonic behaviour=
Behaviours that align with self-perception
2 key characteristics of PD> (1) social: (2) + (2)
- relative degree of extremity
- interpersonal:
>other people require for expression of traits
>expression of traits often problematic for others (not self)
2 key characteristics of PD> (2) stable>
- like other aspects of personality
- patterns usually emerge in late childhood or adoelsence
- difficult to change
How are personality disorders classified: 3 main clusters»
- Cluster A: Odd, eccentric
(difficult SOCIAL relationships with others) - Cluster B: Dramatic, impulsive, erratic,
(negative impact on others: ‘Outward’ facing) - Cluster C: anxious, avoidant fearful
(most self-damaging: ‘Inward facing’)
ego-syntonic=
“thats who i am” “other people are the problem not me” perception
>makes PD hard to treat
PD: Cluster A> cluster A is typified by?> (&impact)
contains 3 PD;
each typified by COGNITIVE thinking
impact: fractious personal & social relationships
Ego-dystonic=
opposite of ego-syntonic
contradiction between person’s sense of self and what they actually do
>(e.g. morally against stealing, but do so to fund addiction)
PD: Cluster A> includes:
- Paranoid personality disorder
- Schizoid personality disorder
- Schizoytpal personality disorder
PD: Cluster A: Paranoid personality disorder> what is it? summary
> extremely distrustful of motives of other people (very isolating)
affects 4% of general population
PD: Cluster A: Paranoid personality disorder> Behaviours> (3)
- persistent feelings of paranoia
- hypersensitive (innocent statements as personal attacks)
- persistent grudges against those perceived to have ‘wronged’ them
PD: Cluster A: Paranoid personality disorder> DSM-5> (6)
4+ for diagnosis
- without rational evidence, assume others out to exploit them
- preoccupied with trustworthiness of friends & family
- reluctance to confide in others
- persistent grudges regardless of actions to appease
- unjustified suspicions about sexual infidelity
- quick to verbally attack others to defend self
DSM=
Diagnostic systems manual
PD: Cluster A: Schizoid personality disorder> what is it? summary?
very inward facing, pattern of detachment from interpersonal & social relationships;
affects 1.6% of population
PD: Cluster A: Schizoid personality disorder> Behaviours (4)
- will ALWAYS seek solidarity
- lack close network of friends
- indifferent to praise/criticism
- limited sexual interest in others
PD: Cluster A: Schizoid personality disorder> DSM-5 (6)
4+ for diagnosis
- do not seek out close relationships
- takes pleasure in few activities
- always chooses solitary activites
- often no close friends
- emotionally cold to others (no level of attachment shown)
- little/no interest in sexual encounters
PD: Cluster A: Schizotypal personality disorder> what is it? summary
extreme discomfort with close relationships and distortions in thinking
>affects 1.6% of general population
PD: Cluster A: Schizotypal personality disorder> behaviours> (4)
- Athough aware the feeling originates from themselves a persistent belief others are noticing them
- Magical thinking: mind can affect physical world (sixth sense, idea control objects with mind etc)
- Identify objects as having special meanings
- Speak in metaphors & over-elaborate
PD: Cluster A: Schizotypal personality disorder: DSM-5 (4)
4+ for diagnosis:
- ideas of reference- the world is focused on them & their actions
- regular magical-thinking fantasies- ‘sixth’ sense, telepathy
- body illusions: distortions in sensations which manifest as phantom pains or unusual body feelings
- excessive social anxiety relating to feelings of paranoia about others
PD: Cluster B> how many disorders? & typified by? & impact?:
- 4 disorders, defined by lack of impulse control & disturbed cognition & affect
-impact: dramatic & impulsive behaviours which can negatively impact on others
PD: Cluster B: includes>
- Anti-social personality disorder
- Borderline personality disorder
- Histrionic personality disorder
- Narcissistic personality disorder
PD: Cluster B: Anti-social personality disorder> what is it? summary
General disregard for others which manifests in harmful behaviours;
>affects 0.2-3.3% of the general population