Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MT2 > INTRO TO VIRO (MAAM T) > Flashcards

INTRO TO VIRO (MAAM T) Flashcards

1
Q

found that the organism was small enough to pass through filter

A

Dimitri Iwanowski

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

virus in latin word is

A

poison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

virus can reproduce only within _____

A

cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

characteristics of viruses

A
  • contain a single type of nucleic acid, either DNA or DNa
  • contain a protein coat (sometimes itself enclosed by an enveloped of lipids, proteins and carbohydrate) that surrounds the nucleic acid,
  • multiply inside living cells by using the synthesizing machinery of the cell.
  • cause the synthesis of specialized structures that can transfer the viral nucleic acid to other cells.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

viruses lack enzyme for protein synthesis and ATP generation. To multiply, viruses must take over the ______ of the host cell

A

metabolic machinery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

____ are too toxic for clinical use in virus

A

antiviral drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

viruses infecting bacteria

A

bacteriophage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

viral size

A

20 to 14,000 nm in length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a complete, fully developed viral particle composed of nucleic acid and surrounded by a protein cost that protects it from the environment and is a vehicle of transmission from 1 host to another.

A

virion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

are nucleoproteins. they are non-cellular structures with infectious genetic material that may contain RNA or DNa but never both.

A

viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

are capsid-encapsulated viruses with DNA or RNA molecules. it has nucleic acids well as protein layers.

A

virions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the function of virions is to deliver the _______ into the ______ so that the genome can be expressed (transcribed and translated) by the host cells.

A

dna or rna genome ; host cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

infectious RNA molecules

A

viroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • are infectious protein particles, nucleic acids are absent
  • are not viruses. they don’t contain genes.
A

prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

who names virus

A

Martinus Beijerinck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

virions are produced in the cytoplasm of complex viral factories, _______

A

the virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

example of virions

A

Small Pox Virus, HIV, Coronavirus, Fluvirion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the ineffective form of a virus outside a host cell membrane with a nucleic acid core and a capsid and majority of this are non-infectious.

A

Virions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

to create new virions, the proteins that will be incorporated into the virion are made through expression of viral genome and the virus genome is copied through the process of _____

A

replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

free RNA molecules of low molecular weight without any protein coat

A

viroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

viroids are (smaller or larger) than virus

A

smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

viroids infects only ______

A

plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

basic structural components of a virus

A
  1. Genome or Nucleic Acid
  2. Capsid - protective protein coat
  3. Envelope - some viruses contain an envelop surrounding the nucleocapsid
  4. Enzyme - play a central role in the infection process.
24
Q

prion diseases can affect both ____ and _____ ; sometimes spread by ________ products

A

humans and animals ; infected meat products

25
Q

6 steps of virus life cycle

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Penetration
  3. Uncoating
  4. Gene Expression and Replication
  5. Assembly
  6. Release
26
Q

the nucleic acid of the virus is surrounded by a protein coat called _____

A

Capsid

27
Q

each capsid is composed of protein subunits called _____

A

Capsomere

28
Q

In some viruses = single type of protein comprise the ______ and in other viruses, several types of protein may be present

A

capsomere

29
Q

In some viruses, the capsid is covered by an _____ usually consisting a combination of ____, _____, & _____

A

envelope ; lipids, protein, and carbohydrate

30
Q

depending on the virus, envelopes may or may not be covered by _____

A

spikes

31
Q

carbohydrate-protein complex that project from the surface of the envelopes

A

spikes

32
Q

used by some viruses to attach to host cells

A

spikes

33
Q

has the ability to clump rbc

A

influenza virus

34
Q

the resulting clumping of influenza virus is called ______

A

hemagglutination

35
Q

in non-enveloped viruses, capsids are not covered by _____

A

envelope

36
Q

in non-enveloped viruses, the capsid protects the nucleic acid from ______ in biological fluids and promotes the virus attachment to susceptible host cells

A

nuclease enzymes

37
Q

Gen. Morphology of Virus

A
  1. Helical Viruses
  2. Polyhedral Viruses
  3. Enveloped Viruses
  4. Complex Viruses
38
Q

virus classification is based on _______ which has been revealed by ________ and a technique called ________

A

thin capsid structure ; electron microscopy ; x-ray crystallography

39
Q

resemble long rods which may be rigid or flexible

A

Helical Viruses

40
Q

in helical viruses, the nucleic acid is found within a ____, ______ of a helical structure.

A

hollow, cylindrical capsid

41
Q

example of helical virus

A

Rabies virus

42
Q

many-sided virus

A

Polyhedral virus

43
Q

many animal, plant and bacterial viruses are _____

A

polyhedral

44
Q

in polyhedral viruses, the capsid is shaped as an ______, a regular polyhedron with __ triangular faces and __ corners

A

icosahedron ; 20 triangular faces and 12 corners

45
Q

example of polyhedral viruses

A

Adenovirus, Poliovirus

46
Q

a spherical (virus morphology)

A

Enveloped viruses

47
Q

2 types of enveloped viruses

A

Enveloped helical - ex. Influenza Virus
Enveloped polyhedral - ex. Herpes Simplex Virus

48
Q

particularly bacterial viruses have complicated structure. Ex: _____ - capsids with additional structures attached.

A

complex viruses ; bacteriophage

49
Q

in complex viruses, the head is _____ and tail sheath is _____

A

polyhedral ; helical

50
Q

example of complex viruses

A

pox virus

51
Q

transmissible, untreatable, and fatal brain diseases of maamals.

A

prion diseases

52
Q

the host’s normal ______ can, for unknown reasons, malfunction, and assemble into structural aggregates called _____ that causes infectious brain disease.

A

prion protein ; prions

53
Q

prions mode of transmission

A

direct contact or indirectly through contaminated soil, found on water.

54
Q

are non-living things because they don’t contain cells and do not have an energy metabolism system, no cell organelles and they are unable to carry out any type of metabolic activity.

A

Prions and viruses

55
Q

prions and viruses reproduction

A

by recruiting the normal cellular isoform of the prion protein and stimulating its conversion into the disease-causing isoform.

56
Q

viruses and prions can survive being ____, being treated with ____ and can still infect other brains years after they were transferred to a scalpel or other tool.

A

boiled ; disinfectants

57
Q

the only human disease caused by a viroid

A

Hepatitis D

MT2 (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions