Chapter 1

Question 1

Behavior

Answer 1

An individual living organism’s activity, public or private, which may be influenced by external or internal stimulation

Question 2

Stimulus events

Answer 2

Things you see, hear, smell, taste or feel

Question 3

The first goal of behavior analysis

Answer 3

To accurately predict behavior

Question 4

What is the utility in predicting behavior of individuals?

Answer 4

It allows adaptive behavior

Question 5

The Second Goal of Behavior Analysis

Answer 5

To discover functional variables that may be used to positively influence behavior

Question 6

Functional variable

Answer 6

A variable that, when changed, reliably and systematically influences behavior

Question 7

Behavior is something that _______ living organisms do

Answer 7

All

Question 8

_______ is defined as an individual living organism’s activity, public or _______, which may be influenced by external or _________ stimulation.

Answer 8

Behavior
Private
Internal

Question 9

A ______ is something you see, hear, smell, taste, or feel. These events can occur outside or inside your body.

Answer 9

Stimulus event

Question 10

Stimuli is the plural of ______.

Answer 10

Stimulus

Question 11

One stimulus, two ______.

Answer 11

Stimuli

Question 12

Buying a car is an instance of _____ (public/private) behavior.

Answer 12

Public

Question 13

Changing your clothes is an instance of ______ (public/private) behavior.

Answer 13

Public

Question 14

Thinking that you should not have bought that car because now you don’t have enough money for new clothes is an instance of ______ (public/private) behavior.

Answer 14

Private

Question 15

The first goal of behavior analysis is to _______ _______ behavior.

Answer 15

Accurately predict

Question 16

The second goal of behavior analysis is to discover _______ variables that may be used to _______ _______ behavior.

Answer 16

Functional
Positively influence

Question 17

Accurately predicting behavior is important because it allows _______ behavior.

Answer 17

Adaptive

Question 18

Two assumptions that guide behavior analysis

Answer 18

1) Behavior is determined
2) The scientific method is a valid way to reveal the determinants of behavior

Question 19

What does it mean to say, “behavior is determined?”

Answer 19

Behavior has a cause or multiple causes

Question 20

3 problems with the theory that a mental decision-maker Willa behavior into motion

Answer 20

1) Choice is a behavior.
2) Choice is determined (Functional variables influence choices we make.)
3) Spurious decision-making (spurious = false/fake)

Question 21

The first assumption of behavior analysis is that behavior is _______.

Answer 21

Determined

Question 22

When we say, “behavior is determined,” we simply mean that behavior has a _______, or multiple _______.

Answer 22

Cause
causes

Question 23

In our daily lives, we often explain behavior (I went to the movies) by pointing to private behaviors (I thought going to the movies was a good idea). Behavior analysts refer to these as _______ explanations of behavior.

Answer 23

Spurious

Question 24

The second assumption of behavior analysis is that the _______ _______ is a valid way to discover the determinants of behavior.

Answer 24

Scientific method

Question 25

Characteristics of scientific method that are of most relevance to behavior analysis

Answer 25

Objective
Quantitative
Systematic
Empirical
Falsifiable predictions
Experimentation
Peer-review
Replication

Question 26

Independent variable

Answer 26

A publicly observable change, controlled by the experimenter, which is anticipated to influence behavior in a specific way

Question 27

Replication

Answer 27

Repeating the experiment and obtaining the same outcome

Question 28

Within science, there are two meanings of the word _______. The first recognizes that humans are susceptible to biases that cloud how we evaluate evidence that supports and refutes our favorite theories.

Answer 28

Objectivity

Question 29

The second meaning of the word _______ recognizes that our current understanding of behavior is tentative and will be changed in the future as new findings support an alternative viewpoint that better allows us to predict and positively influences behavior.

Answer 29

Objectivity

Question 30

_______ evidence for a scientific finding is either directly observable or observable with the aid of an unbiased measurement device.

Answer 30

Empirical

Question 31

When a scientist makes a prediction about behavior, the prediction is precise enough that it could be shown to be incorrect. These are referred to as _______ predictions.

Answer 31

Falsifiable

Question 32

When scientists discover something, it is important that their research be repeated to see if the finding can be obtained again. This repetition of experiments to evaluate if they produced reliable results is called _______.

Answer 32

Replication

Question 33

Determinants of behavior

Answer 33

Nature - our genetic inheritance
Nurture - events experienced during one’s lifetime

Question 34

Environmental events

Answer 34

All of the things you experience through your senses

Question 35

7 core dimensions of applied behavioral analysis

Answer 35

1) Applied
2) Behavioral
3) Analytic
4) Technoligical
5) Conceptual
6) Effective
7) Generality

Question 36

Over 100 years of research has demonstrated that individual behavior is influenced by ______ and _______.

Answer 36

Nature and Nurture

Question 37

Those working in the _______ analysis of behavior, most often conduct their research in laboratory settings, where nuisance variables will not get in the way of identifying determinates of behavior.

Answer 37

Experimental

Question 38

Behavior analysts who conduct scientific research in clinical settings are called _______ behavior analysts.

Answer 38

Applied

Question 39

Individuals who deliver behavioral services that are based on the research of laboratory and applied behavior analysts are employed in the field of behavioral _______ _______.

Answer 39

Service delivery