Skeleton

Question 1

Name in latin the biggest paranasal sinus in birds

Answer 1

Sinus infraorbitalis (eye socket) *

Question 2

List 3 features characteristic for avian skull

Answer 2

Septum interorbitale
Premaxilla
Only 1 occipital condyle

Question 3

Name the recess on the cranial surface of the body that forms the articular surface for the occipital condyle of the occipital bone

Answer 3

Fossa condyloidea

Question 4

What forms the beak

Answer 4

Rostrum maxillare
rostrum mandibulare

Question 5

Name the filter mechanisms in the beak of the duck

Answer 5

Lamellae

Question 6

Give the number of cervical vertebrae in
a) small birds
b) swan
c) chicken
d) pigeon

Answer 6

a) 8
b) 25
c) 14-17
d) 12

Question 7

In chickens which vertebrae form notarium

Answer 7

2nd to 5th thoracic vertebrae

Question 8

what does the last thoracic vertebrae, along with the lumbosaccral vertebrae and the 1st caudal veterbrae form

Answer 8

Synsacrum

Question 9

Name the 2 segments of the ribs.
Underline those that are connected with processus uncinatus

Answer 9

Costa vertebralis <- underlined
Costa Sternalis

Question 10

Which bones articulate with the sternum in birds

Answer 10

Os coracoideum
Ribs

Question 11

Name the process that overlaps the next rib. They give attachment to muscles and ligaments and strengthen thoracic wall

Answer 11

Processus uncinatus

Question 12

Three bones of zonopodium in Latin

Answer 12

Scapula, coracoideum, clavicula

Question 13

Name 3 bones of digitorum manus

Answer 13

Digitus alulae
Digitus minor
Digitus major

Question 14

What bones make up carpometacarpus

Answer 14

Ossa carpalia and
Os metacarpale II (alulare)
Os metacarpale III (minus)
Os metacarpale IV (majus)

Question 15

Name 2 bones of the pelvic girdle

Answer 15

Os innominatum
Os coxae

Question 16

Which bones form the os innominatum

Answer 16

Os ilium, Os ischii, os pubis, synsacrum

Question 17

Give example of 2 pneumatic bones

Answer 17

Humerus, os fermoris, vertebrae, Os coracoideum, scapula, sternum

Question 18

Name the air sacs forming diverticula in humerus and femur

Answer 18

Clavicular - humerus (sacci clavicularis)
Abdominal - femur (sacci abdominales)

Question 19

Name in latin air sacs which pneumatize
a)cervical vertebrae,
b)humerus

Answer 19

a) sacci cervicalis
b) sacci clavicularis

Question 20

Give examples of sacci pneumatici in birds

Answer 20

Sacci cervicalis
Sacci abdominales
Sacci thoracici (pars cranialis + caudalis)
Sacci clavicularis

Question 21

Name the biggest bone of the zygopodium membri thoracici and zygopodium membri pelvini

Answer 21

Ulna
Tibiotarsus

Question 22

What is the latin name of the bones forming skeleton cruris in birds

Answer 22

Os tibia
Ossa tarsi
= tibiotarsus

Question 23

Name the subdivisions of the coelomic cavity

Answer 23

Cava pleurae (pleural cavities)
Cava hepatica peritonei (hepatic peritoneal cavities)
Cavum intestinale peritonei (intestinal peritoneal cavities)
Cavum pericardi (pericardial cavity)

Question 24

Name two membranes dividing the body cavity (celoma) into three parts

Answer 24

Septum horizontale
Septum obliquum

Question 25

Name the membrane separating the cavitas pleuralis from the cavum subpulmonale

Answer 25

Septum horizontale

Question 26

What is the name of the most caudal segment of the vertebrae, that gives support to flight feathers of tail

Answer 26

Pygostyl