Unit 1 - LAA3 - Classical Conditioning

Question 1

AO1: Classical conditioning operates on the condition of what?

Answer 1

Association

Question 2

Which concept operates on the condition of association?

Answer 2

Classical conditioning

Question 3

What are human beings and animals born with?

Answer 3

Reflexes

Question 4

What 2 things are reflexes made up on?

Answer 4

Stimulus and response

Question 5

Give an example of a response of a dog

Answer 5

Salivation

Question 6

In diagram 1 what does the food represent?

Answer 6

unconditioned stimulus

Question 7

In diagram 1 what does the dog salivating represent?

Answer 7

An unconditioned response (an automatic response to food)

Question 8

What is happening in diagram 2?

Answer 8

When the bell (neutral stimulus) is rung, the dog is not salivating (unconditioned response) as he has not leaned to do this.

Question 9

What is happening in diagram 3?

Answer 9

The unconditioned stimulus (food) is paired with the neutral stimulus (bell) which made the dog salivate (unconditioned response)

Question 10

What is happening in diagram 4?

Answer 10

After conditioning, whenever the bell (now conditioned stimulus) is rung the dog salivates (now conditioned response) even without the presence of food.

Question 11

Which step represents what happens after conditioning?

Answer 11

4

Question 12

Which step represents what happens during conditioning?

Answer 12

3

Question 13

Which step represents what happens before conditioning?

Answer 13

1 and 2

Question 13

Harry has a phobia of swans. As a child he was bitten by a swan whilst feeding it bread. Harry feels anxious when he thinks about swans and becomes very afraid whenever he sees one close. He now avoids swans.

What is the unconditioned stimulus in this scenario?

Answer 13

Being bitten by a swan

Question 13

Harry has a phobia of swans. As a child he was bitten by a swan whilst feeding it bread . Harry feels anxious when when he thinks about swans and becomes very afraid whenever he sees one close. He now avoids swans.

What is the neutral stimulus in this scenario?

Answer 13

Swans

Question 14

Sarah suffers from agoraphobia (fear of leaving ones home). She is a keen A-level student but is struggling to attend college because of the anxiety she suffers when attempting to leave the house in the morning. Her phobias began shortly after being mugged.

What is the unconditioned stimulus in this scenario?

Answer 14

Being mugged

Question 15

Sarah suffers from agoraphobia (fear of leaving ones home). She is a keen A-level student but is struggling to attend college because of the anxiety she suffers when attempting to leave the house in the morning. Her phobias began shortly after being mugged.

What is the neutral stimulus in this scenario?

Answer 15

Leaving the house

Question 16

What is a neutral stimulus?

Answer 16

The thing you initially have no fear towards.

Question 17

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

Answer 17

The things that leads to an automatic response

Question 18

What is an unconditioned response?

Answer 18

An automatic reaction

Question 19

What is a conditioned stimulus?

Answer 19

The thing you have now leaned to be fearful of

Question 20

What is a conditioned response?

Answer 20

A learned response

Question 21

Sarah suffers from agoraphobia (fear of leaving ones home). She is a keen A-level student but is struggling to attend college because of the anxiety she suffers when attempting to leave the house in the morning. Her phobias began shortly after being mugged.

What is the unconditioned response in this scenario?

Answer 21

Feeling anxious

Question 22

Harry has a phobia of swans. As a child he was bitten by a swan whilst feeding it bread . Harry feels anxious when when he thinks about swans and becomes very afraid whenever he sees one close. He now avoids swans.

What is the unconditioned response in this scenario?

Answer 22

Feeling anxious

Question 23

What does practical application mean?

Answer 23

Being able to apply an idea to real life situations.

Question 24

How can we practically apply classical conditioning to the real world?

Answer 24

Classical conditioning can be used within systematic desensitisation.

Question 25

What is step 1 of systematic desensitisation?

Answer 25

Relaxation

Question 26

What is the last step of systematic desensitisation?

Answer 26

The therapy is completed when the client associates their most feared stimuli with relaxation.

Question 27

Which step of systematic desensitisation talks about working through each stage in the hierarchy of anxiety, where the patient is encouraged to use their relaxation technique as they are exposed to the stimuli.

Answer 27

Gradual exposure

Question 28

What happens in step 3 of systematic desensitisation: gradual exposure ?

Answer 28

This step of systematic desensitisation talks about working through each stage in the hierarchy of anxiety, where the patient is encouraged to use their relaxation technique as they are exposed to the stimuli.

Question 29

In systematic desensitisation, what stage talk about the patient only being able to move up the hierarchy when they are completely relaxed.

Answer 29

Step 4: Flexible

Question 30

AO3: How can we use the principles of classical conditioning in real life?

Answer 30

Classical conditioning can be used to treat common disorders such as alcoholism, gambling and phobias in aversion therapy.

Question 31

AO3: What happens in aversion therapy?

Answer 31

Aversion therapy, alcoholics are given a drug that makes them sick when they try to drink alcohol. This makes them associate drinking with sickness. which makes them not want to drink anymore.

Question 32

AO3: what did Watson and Raynor do which supports classical conditioning?

Answer 32

They used the principles of classical conditioning to give a child “little albert” a phobia of rats.

Question 33

AO3: In Watson and Raynor’s study, how did little albert learn to be scared of the rat?

Answer 33

Every time Albert played with the rat, the researchers created a loud bang to scare him . Albert associated the rat with the loud bang which created a phobia of rats.

Question 34

AO3: What can’t classical conditioning explain about some behaviours?

Answer 34

Classical conditioning cannot explain how the phobia develops overtime or
how we have a phobia without a traumatic event.