W11 + W12: Biological Psychology Flashcards
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Part of the nervous system
Contains the brain and spinal cord
Controls mind and behaviour
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Nerves in the body that extend outside the CNS
Parts of CNS
Cortex (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe)
Basal Ganglia
Limbic system (thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus)
Cerebellum
Brain stem (midbrain, pons, medulla)
Spinal cord
Which part of the CNS is responsible for Parkinson’s disease and Schizophrenia?
Basal Ganglia - important for decision making and motor control
Somatic Nervous System
Receives sensory inputs and delivers motor/muscle output
Control and coordinate voluntary movement
How does the process of sensory input to motor output i the somatic nervous system work?
Skin (sensory input) –> dorsal root –> spinal cord –> brain –> spinal cord –> ventral root –> muscle
Autonomic Nervous System
Control involuntary actions of the internal organs and glands, which (along with the limbic system) participates in emotion regulation
What are the division of the Autonomic Nervous System?
Parasympathetic nervous system (rest and digestion)
Sympathetic nervous system (arousals and emergencies)
Hormones
Chemicals released into the bloodstream that trigger specific effects in the body
What control the endocrine system?
the hypothalamus
The Endocrine System
System of glands and hormones
Controls secretion of blood-born chemical messengers
Corporate with the limbic system to regulate emotion
Major endocrine gland and hormones
Pituitary gland + pituitary hormones (e.g. oxytocin, growth hormones, ACTH)
Adrenal gland + adrenaline, cortisol
Sexual reproductive glands (testes, ovaries) + sex hormones (testosterone, estrogen)
Why is the peripheral nerves important?
Because depending on the whereabouts of the spinal injury on the spinal cord will dictate how many deficits occurred in the organ or skeletal muscle
Six areas of peripheral nerves
Cranial
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal
Four lobes of cerebrum
Frontal (movement, short-term memory, some emotions)
Parietal (body sensation)
Occipital (vision)
Temporal (hearing, advanced visual processing)
Communication of Brain to Body
Peripheral Nervous System - faster comms but targeted area
Hormones - slower comms but larger range
How is the brain protected and nourished?
In several ways, including:
- The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- Meninges
- Glial cells
How does the CSF flow?
CSF in the ventricle –> down the spinal cord via the subarachnoid space –> up the spinal cord –> around the subarachnoid space and around the brain –> then get replenished
What make CSF?
The choroid plexus in the lateral and third ventricle
What make CSF?
The choroid plexus in the lateral and third ventricle