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Biology 2320 - Human Anatomy > 05/23/2023 Notes > Flashcards

05/23/2023 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest and most complex diarthrosis of the body?

A

Knee Joint

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2
Q

Although the knee joint is primarily a hinge joint, what movements is it capable of when flexed?

A

Slight rotation and lateral gliding movements

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3
Q

What two articulations can be found in the knee?

A

Tibiofemoral joint and patellofemoral joint

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4
Q

The articular capsule in the knee joint covers which regions?

A

The medial, lateral, and posterior regions of the knee joint

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5
Q

What covers the anterior region of the knee joint?

A

The quadriceps femoris muscle tendon

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6
Q

What bone is embedded in the quadriceps femoris muscle tendon?

A

Patella

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7
Q

What ligament prevents the lower leg from moving too far medially?

A

Lateral Collateral Ligament

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8
Q

What is an alternative name for the LCL?

A

Fibular Collateral Ligament

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9
Q

What can test is the fibular collateral ligament has been torn?

A

Varus Deviation

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10
Q

What does the medial collateral ligament do?

A

Prevents the lower leg from moving too far laterally

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11
Q

What is another name for the MCL?

A

Tibial Collateral Ligament

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12
Q

What is valgus deviation?

A

A test that can be done to see if the MCL has been torn

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13
Q

Since the MCL is attached to the medial meniscus, what happens when the MCL is torn?

A

The medial meniscus also gets injured

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14
Q

What is the pair of C-shaped fibrocartilage pads located on the condyles of tibia called?

A

Meniscus

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15
Q

What do the medial and lateral menisci do?

A

Stabilize the knee joint and act as a cushion between articulating surfaces

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16
Q

What does the Anterior Cruciate Ligament do?

A

Prevents the tibia from moving too far anterior of the femur

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17
Q

When the knee is extended, which cruciate ligament is taut?

A

ACL

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18
Q

What does the Posterior Cruciate Ligament do?

A

Prevents tibia from moving too far posterior of the femur

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19
Q

When the knee if flexed, what cruciate ligament is taut?

A

PCL

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20
Q

What does locking the knee joint allow humans to do?

A

Stand erect without tiring leg muscles

21
Q

What is a negative effect of locking the knees?

A

Limit blood flow and fainting

22
Q

What ligament is frequently torn in knee dislocation?

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

23
Q

What is an allograft in ACL repair?

A

Replacing the torn ACL with iliotibial tract tissue from a cadaver

24
Q

What is an autograft in ACL repair?

A

Replacing torn ACL with patient’s own patellar ligament or portions of hamstring tendons

25
Q

What is the talocrural joint?

A

A highly modified hinge joint that permits dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

26
Q

What do the medial and lateral malleoli do?

A

Prevent the ankle joint from sliding too far side-to-side

27
Q

What are the 4 supporting ligaments in the ankle?

A

Deltoid ligament, Anterior talofibular ligament, Posterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament

28
Q

Since the deltoid ligament is incredibly strong, what will likely happen before it tears?

A

The medial malleolus will likely break

29
Q

What is a common cause of ankle sprains?

A

Inversion of the foot, which results in partial/complete tears of the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments

30
Q

Why do high top athletic shoes reduce ankle sprains?

A

The wearer is more aware of the position their ankle is in

31
Q

What are intertarsal joints?

A

Planar joints between tarsal joints where inversion and eversion occur

32
Q

What joints are condyloid joints between the metatarsals and phalanges of toes?

A

Metatarsophalangeal Joints

33
Q

What type of joint are interphalangeal joints?

A

Hinge

34
Q

Active joints have _____ capsules and ligaments _____ in size

A

stronger/thicker; increase

35
Q

Excessive exercise can lead to what?

A

Osteoarthritis

36
Q

What is an arthroscope?

A

A specialized, flexible endoscope used to diagnose joint disease

37
Q

What tissues are found in muscles?

A

Muscular, epithelial, connective, nervous

38
Q

What are cardiac muscles?

A

Muscles essential for pumping blood

39
Q

What are smooth muscles?

A

Muscles essential for propelling materials through internal tubes

40
Q

What are 4 characteristics of muscle?

A

Excitability, contractility, elasticity, extensibility

41
Q

What is excitability?

A

Response to electrical stimuli

42
Q

What is contractility?

A

Contraction of muscles move bones or propels material inside body

43
Q

What is elasticity?

A

Muscle cell will recoil back to resting length when the applied tension is removed

44
Q

What is extensibility?

A

Muscle fiber is capable of extending in length in response to contraction of opposing muscle cells

45
Q

A single muscle is composed of _____ of cells.

A

thousands

46
Q

What is another name for skeletal muscle cells?

A

Muscle fibers

47
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

An increase in muscle fiber size

48
Q

What are 5 functions of skeletal muscle?

A

Body movement, Maintenance of posture, Temperature regulation, Storage and movement of materials, Support

Biology 2320 - Human Anatomy (32 decks)

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