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Health Science I Honors Final Flashcards > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the medical term for the finger and toe bones ?

A

the phalanges

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2
Q

what is the largest bone in the body?

A

the femur

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3
Q

what is the fibrous outer covering of the bone called?

A

the periosteum

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4
Q

what is the shaft of a long bone called?

A

the diaphysis

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5
Q

which bones make up the axial skeleton?

A

the skull, sternum, spine and ribs

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6
Q

what is the condition that causes painful swelling of the joints?

A

arthritis

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7
Q

what is the medical term for the kneecap?

A

the patella

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8
Q

what is the breast bone called?

A

the sternum

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9
Q

what bone injury is characterized by an incomplete separation of the bone?

A

greenstick fracture

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10
Q

what bone injury is characterized by damaged ligaments and no bone abnormalities?

A

a sprain

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11
Q

what disorder is classified by a lateral curvature of the spine?

A

scoliosis

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12
Q

what disorder occurs when bones become porous, lose calcium and phosphorus, and are more likely to fracture?

A

osteoporosis

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13
Q

what is the medical term for a swayback spine?

A

lordosis

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14
Q

what type of joint movement occurs in the knee when you go from sitting to standing?

A

extension

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15
Q

what type of fracture occurs when the bone breaks through the skin?

A

an open/compound fracture

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16
Q

what is the medical term for a humpback spine?

A

kyphosis

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17
Q

what is the process of red blood cell formation in the bone marrow called?

A

hemopoiesis

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18
Q

what type of motion occurs when turning your head side-to-side?

A

rotation

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19
Q

which bone is used when chewing?

A

the mandible

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20
Q

name the 5 cranial bones:

A

the temporal, frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and occipital bones

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21
Q

what are the joints in the skull called?

A

sutures

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22
Q

which joint allows for the most movement?

A

ball and socket

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23
Q

name all 5 of the different types of joints in the human body:

A

ball and socket, hinge, sutures, pivot, and gliding joints

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24
Q

name the two lower arm bones:

A

radius and ulna

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25
Q

which fluid reduces friction during joint movements?

A

synovial fluid

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26
Q

which type of joint is the weakest joint in the body, provides the most movement out of all joints, and includes the shoulder(humerus and scapula)?

A

ball-and-socket joint

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27
Q

which type of joint provides movement in only 2 directions and includes the knee (tibia/fibula and femur)?

A

hinge joint

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28
Q

which type of joint contains a pivot point, has almost full circumduction and includes the wrist, or head?

A

pivot joints

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29
Q

which type of joint has bones glide over one another and includes vertebrae?

A

gliding joints

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30
Q

which type of joint is immovable and is found in the skull?

A

sutures

31
Q

what is gout?

A

a build up or uric acid in the body, commonly in the big toe and it mostly occurs in men

32
Q

what is a compound/open fracture?

A

bone penetrates the skin, high risk of infection, treated with internal fixation or external fixation

33
Q

what is a comminuted fracture?

A

bone is shattered, treated with internal fixation and immobilization

34
Q

what is a greenstick fracture?

A

a partial break, usually in children

35
Q

what is a spiral fracture?

A

bone twists and breaks

36
Q

what is a simple fracture?

A

aka closed fracture, it does not penetrate skin

37
Q

what is the end of a long bone called?

A

the epiphysis

38
Q

what is an osteoblast?

A

a bone building cell

39
Q

what is an osteoclast?

A

bone reabsorbing cell (“chews” bone)

40
Q

what is an osteocyte?

A

mature bone cell

41
Q

what is ossification?

A

the process of bone hardening

42
Q

what are the 5 types of bones?

A

long, flat, irregular, short, sesamoid

43
Q

what type of bones support weight, facilitate movement, and are found in the arms and legs (humerus and femur)?

A

long bones

44
Q

what type of bone protect internal organs and include the skull bones, ribs, scapula, sternum, and pelvis?

A

flat bones

45
Q

what type of bone protects internal organs and include the spinal column and vertebrae?

A

irregular bones

46
Q

what type of bone provides stability and includes the wrist and ankle bones?

A

short bones

47
Q

what is the medical term for the hollow center of the shaft of a long bone that is filled with yellow bone marrow?

A

the medullary canal/cavity

48
Q

what is the medical term of the membrane that lines the walls of the medullary cavity?

A

the endosteum

49
Q

what is the medical term of the thin layer of cartilage that covers both epiphyses?

A

articular cartilage

50
Q

name the 5 facial bones:

A

the nasal bone, the zygomatic arch, the mandible, maxilla, and the hyoid bone

51
Q

how many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

52
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

53
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

54
Q

the first 7 ribs are called “____ ribs” because they connect directly to the sternum

A

true ribs

55
Q

the next 5 ribs are called “_____ ribs” because they aren’t directly connected to the sternum

A

false ribs

56
Q

name the 2 bones that make up the shoulder girdle:

A

the clavicle and scapula

57
Q

name the 3 bones that make up the arm:

A

the humerus, ulna, and radius

58
Q

how do you know where the radius and ulna are when looking at your arm?

A

the radius is on the thumb side

59
Q

name the 3 bones that make up the wrist/hand:

A

carpals(wrist), metacarpals(palm), and the phalanges(fingers)

60
Q

name the 3 bones in the pelvic girdle:

A

the ilium, pubis, and ischium

61
Q

the pocket where the femur fits into the pelvis is called:

A

the acetabulum

62
Q

name the 4 bones that make up the leg:

A

the femur, patella, tibia, and fibula

63
Q

how do you know where the tibia and fibula are when looking at your leg?

A

the fibula is on the outside of your leg, along your smallest toe

64
Q

what are the 4 bones that make up your feet/heel?

A

the tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, and the calcaneus(the heel)

65
Q

what are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?

A

supporting the body, protecting internal organs, helping movement/anchorage of the muscles, mineral storage, and hemopoiesis

66
Q

what is flexion?

A

bringing two bones closer together, bending

67
Q

what is extension?

A

increasing the angle between two bones, extending

68
Q

what is abduction?

A

movement of an extremity away from the midline

69
Q

what is adduction?

A

movement of an extremity towards the midline

70
Q

what is circumduction?

A

the circular movement of a limb

71
Q

what is rotation?

A

the pivot motion where a bone moves around a central axis

72
Q

what is pronation?

A

forearm turns the hand so the palm is downward

73
Q

what is supination?

A

forearm turns the hand so the palm is upward

Health Science I Honors Final Flashcards (13 decks)

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