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Health Science I Honors Final Flashcards > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

the medical term for the calf muscle is?

A

the gastrocnemius

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2
Q

muscle that are partially contracted at all times are said to be in a constant state of readiness called muscle ____

A

tone

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3
Q

if a swimmer strains her shoulder during a race, what is the first thing that should be done?

A

apply ice

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4
Q

muscle ______ occurs if muscle cells are stimulated repeatedly without rest, lactic acid accumulates, and muscles lose the ability to contract

A

fatigue

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5
Q

what is the inflammation of a tendon called

A

tendonitis

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6
Q

do muscles produce body heat? (true or false)

A

true

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7
Q

what ability does the muscle have when it becomes shorter and thicker and causes movement?

A

contractibility

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8
Q

what kind of muscle forms the walls of the heart?

A

cardiac muscle

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9
Q

what is the major muscle that lies over the upper ribs?

A

the pectoralis major

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10
Q

what is the muscle that abducts the upper arm at the shoulder joint?

A

the deltiod

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11
Q

what type of muscle is voluntary?

A

skeletal muscle

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12
Q

what muscle is in the neck?

A

the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid

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13
Q

which skeletal muscle aids in breathing?

A

the diaphragm

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14
Q

what condition occurs when your muscles become weak, or decrease in size, because of unuse?

A

muscle atrophy

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15
Q

circular muscles in the openings between the esophagus and stomach (and anus) are called?

A

sphincter muscles

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16
Q

what is the main muscle of the lower back?

A

the latissumus dorsi

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17
Q

a person who lifts weights and overuses their muscles. the overuse can cause the muscles to

A

hypertrophy

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18
Q

what muscles are found on the dorsal surface of the leg?

A

the hamstrings

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19
Q

what characteristic allows muscles to return to their original shape when relaxed?

A

elasticity

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20
Q

what muscles are found in the arm?

A

biceps, triceps, deltoid, and brachioradialis

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21
Q

what are the main muscles of the back?

A

the trapezius and the latissimus dorsi

22
Q

what are the 3 main functions of muscles?

A

body movement, shape and posture, and body heat/temp

23
Q

what are the 4 types of muscles?

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth, and sphincter muscles

24
Q

are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary?

A

voluntary

25
Q

are cardiac muscles voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

26
Q

are smooth muscles voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

27
Q

are sphincter muscles voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

28
Q

are skeletal muscles striated?

A

yes

29
Q

are smooth muscles striated?

A

no

30
Q

are cardiac muscles striated?

A

yes

31
Q

what are the main characteristics of skeletal muscles?

A

they’re attached to bone and help the human body move

32
Q

what are the main characteristics of cardiac muscles?

A

it’s only found in the heart

33
Q

what are the main characteristics of smooth muscles?

A

it’s found in organs within the digestive system

34
Q

what is an open reduction?

A

fixing a fractured bone with surgery

35
Q

what is a closed reduction?

A

fixing a fractured bone without surgery

36
Q

what is it called when a muscle/ligament/tendon is torn and bleeding?

A

sprain

37
Q

what is it called when you have a stretched muscle or “pulled” muscle?

A

strain

38
Q

what is the autoimmune disorder that is characterized by fatigue & weakness in the muscles(especially in the facial muscles) called?

A

myasthenia gravis

39
Q

what is the inherited degenerative disorder of the muscle that is most common in boys and usually starts in the legs?

A

muscular dystrophy

40
Q

what disorder causes weakening in the abdominal muscle, that causes the muscle to bulge?

A

a hernia

41
Q

what is contractability?

A

ability of a muscle to shorten

42
Q

what is excitability?

A

ability of muscles to respond to stimuli

43
Q

what is extensibility?

A

ability of muscles to stretch

44
Q

what is elasticity?

A

ability of muscles to return to their original lengths

45
Q

what is muscle tone?

A

muscles being in a constant state of partial contraction

46
Q

how many muscles are in the body?

A

over 650

47
Q

what are the two types of muscle contractions?

A

isometric and isotonic contractions

48
Q

what are isometric contractions?

A

when tension builds in the muscle but it does not shorten

49
Q

what are isotonic contractions?

A

when muscles contract and shorten

50
Q

what type of muscle contraction is walking?

A

isotonic

51
Q

what type of muscle contraction is yoga?

A

isometric

Health Science I Honors Final Flashcards (13 decks)

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