13.5 Polymerisation in alkenes

Question 1

Definition of polymer

Answer 1

long chain molecule made from of repeat units of smaller molecules joined together

Question 3

Definition of monomer

Answer 3

small molecules that join together to make polymers

Question 4

Definition of addition polymerisation

Answer 4

Formation of long chain molecules from lots of small molecules join in together with no other products
OR
Formation of a very long molecular chain, by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules

Question 5

What molecules undergo addition polymerisation?

Answer 5

alkenes

Question 6

What is a repeat unit?

Answer 6

The specific arrangement of atoms in the polymer molecule that repeats over and over again

Question 7

How is a repeat unit written?

Answer 7

In square brackets, with the letter n aftwr

Question 8

What does the letter n show in addition polymerisation?

Answer 8

Shows that there is a large number of repeats

Question 9

What is the general equation for addition polymerisation?

Answer 9

Question 10

How are addition polymers named?

Answer 10

poly(name of molecule)

Question 11

What conditions does addition polymerisation occur in?

Answer 11

high temperatures, high pressure

Question 12

What are uses of poly(ethene)?

Answer 12

supermarket bags, shampoo bottles, children’s toys

Question 13

What is the general equation for addition polymerisation of ethene?

Answer 13

Question 14

What is the general equation for addition polymerisation of propene?

Answer 14

Question 15

What is the monomer, polymer structure and repeating unit of poly(propene)

Answer 15

Question 16

What is the general equation for addition polymerisation of chloroethene?

Answer 16

Question 17

What is poly(chloroethene)?

Answer 17

PVC

Question 18

What are the properties and uses of poly(propene)?

Answer 18

Properties: strong
Uses: Children’s toys, crates, fibres for rope, carpet

Question 20

What are the uses of poly(phenylethe)?

Answer 20

Packing material, food trays and cups due to thermal insulting properties

Question 21

What are the uses of poly(tetrafluoroethene) or teflon?

Answer 21

Coating for non-stick pans, permeable membrane for clothing, shoes, cable insulation

Question 22

What is the monomer and polymer of propene?

Answer 22

Question 23

What is the monomer and polymer of phenylethene (styrene)?

Answer 23

Question 24

What is the monomer and polymer of tetraflurothene?

Answer 24

Question 25

What are the benefits to the environment of biodegradable and photodegradable polymers?

Answer 25

-leave no visible or toxic residue -used to make packaging, electronics, fuel-efficient and recyclable vehicles

Question 26

What are the ways of disposing waste polymers?

Answer 26

-Recycling -Combustion for energy production -Use as organic feedstock

Question 27

Why is PVC disposable a concern?

Answer 27

Not sustainable, when burnt it releases hydrogen chloride (HCl) which is corrosive and other pollutants like toxic dioxins

Question 28

Why are polymers suitable for storing food and chemicals?

Answer 28

Lack a reactivity

Question 29

How does recycling polymers help the environment?

Answer 29

Conserves finite foil fuels, decreases amount of waste in landfill

Question 30

How is PVC recycling been improved?

Answer 30

Solvents are used to dissolve the polymer and high-grade PVC is then recovered by precipitation from the solvent, solvent is then used again

Question 31

How can polymers which are difficult to recycle be exposed of?

Answer 31

They are incinerated to produce heat, generating steam to drier a turbine producing electricity

Question 32

What is an advantage of feedstock recycling?

Answer 32

It is bale to hand unsorted and unwashed polymers

Question 33

What is feedstock recycling?

Answer 33

Chemical and thermal process that can reclaim monomers, gases or oil from waste polymers

Question 34

How are biodegradable polymers broken down?

Answer 34

By micrograms into water, CO2 and biological compounds

Question 35

How are photodegradable polymers broken down?

Answer 35

Polymers are weakened by absorbing light to start the degeneration

Question 36

What are examples of biodegradable polymers?

Answer 36

Starch, cellulose, contain additives

Question 37

What are photodegradable polymers?

Answer 37

Oil-based polymers

Question 39

What is the problem with using combustion to dispose of polymers?

Answer 39

Produces toxic gases such as CO, HCl

Question 40

What is an advantage of using polymers made from natural foods?

Answer 40

Reduces the dependency on finite resources ,Photodegradable, Biodegradable