3 - Genes and Genome structure

Question 1

Transposable elements

Answer 1

Pieces of DNA that have the ability to jump from place to place in the genome.

Question 2

Pseudogenes

Answer 2

Genes duplicated from genes that have normal function but have accumulated too many deleterious mutations to function.

Question 3

What do processed pseudogenes lack

Answer 3

A promotor and introns.

Question 4

Processed pseudogenes

Answer 4

Retrogenes

Question 5

Structure of haemoglobin

Answer 5

Tetramer. 2 alpha polypeptide chains and 2 beta polypeptide chains

Question 6

Mini satellites (VNTR)

Answer 6

• Tandem repeats 7-100 bp long.
• Variable Number of Tandem Repeats
• Generally GC rich
• Can be in non coding or coding regions
• Can effect gene regulation

Question 7

Micro satellites (SSR)

Answer 7

• Tandem repeats of 1-6bp
• Simple Sequence repeats
• Expansion and contraction of repeat number can occur during DNA replication

Question 8

Trinucleotide repeat diseases

Answer 8

Huntingtons (CAG), Fragile X and myotonic dystrophy

Question 9

Different categories of DNA sequence within the human genome

Answer 9

• Exons
• Introns
• Regulatory sequences
• Unique noncoding DNA
• Repetitive DNA unrelated to transposable elements
• Repetitive DNA that includes transposable elements and related sequences