2.1.2 AI Flashcards
What is Artificial intelligence
The simulation of intelligent behaviour by a computer
which enables it to make decisions without human
intervention
What are the 3 enablers of AI
The exponential growth in the speed of computers
Huang’s Law
Cloud computing
Describe Narrow AI
AI focuses on a specific, singular or limited task
Examples include image recognition, hyper
personalisation, chatbots, predictive text.
Trained on specific tasks by data scientists
Correlates questions or assignments to a specific data
set to accomplish a task.
No self-awareness, consciousness, ability to think
Describe General AI
- Seeks machines that can handle a range of cognitive
tasks with little oversight. - The ability to learn, generalise, apply knowledge and plan
for the future. - Must consistently pass the Turing test.
- Single, general intelligence that possesses common
sense and creativity and expresses emotions.
What is Machine Learning
Machine learning (ML) is a subset of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in terms of algorithms that can adapt without following explicit instructions.
What can Machine learning do?
can train a machine how to learn
Automates analytical model building
Is a branch of artificial intelligence based on the
idea that systems can learn from data, identify
patterns, and make decisions with minimal human
intervention
What is Supervised learning
You provide a data set that has pictures of apples. Then another data set that lets the model know that those are pictures of apples. Finally, a new set of data that only contains pictures of apples. At this point the system can recognise what the fruit is
and will remember it.
What is Unsupervised learning
You provide a collection of pictures of different kinds of fruit. The model analyses this to try and recognise any patterns. The machine categorises the picture into different types based on their similarities, and one of these categories would be mostly apples.
What is semi-supervised learning
You provide the machine with a data set of images and ask it to identify a fruit. The machine picks an image of an apple and tells you it is an orange. You feedback to the system that it is actually an apple. The machine remembers this and picks again.
You provide feedback once more. This continues whilst the machine learns from its
experiences and feedback.
What are the different types of AGI testing
The Turing test
Wozniak/Goertzel’s Coffee Test
Nilsson’s Employment Test
Goertzel’s Robot College Student Test
What is Wozniak/Goertzel’s Coffee test
As a part of the coffee test, the AI application has to go to a house and make coffee. The programme has to go to any kitchen and find the ingredients required and then perform the task of making a coffee.
What is the Turing test
A remote human interrogator, within a fixed time frame, must distinguish
between a computer and a human subject based on their replies to various questions posed by the interrogator
What is Nilsson’s employment
To pass this test, the AI program should be able to perform jobs that are performed by humans
What is Goertzel’s Robot College Student test
This test advocates an AI being enrolled in a college and getting a degree using the same resources as other students enrolled for the same degree.
What is meant by conditional probability
In probability theory, conditional probability is a measure of the probability of an event given that (by assumption, presumption, assertion, or evidence) another event has occurred.
