Triangles Of The Neck

Question 1

The SIDE of NECK ~QUADRILATERAL shape
• BOUNDARIES:
• SUPERIOR-
• INFERIOR:.
• MEDIALLY:
• POSTERIORLY (LATERALLY):

Answer 1

The SIDE of NECK ~QUADRILATERAL shape
• BOUNDARIES:
• SUPERIOR- lower border of the body of the mandible + imaginary line drawn from the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process
• INFERIOR: Upper border of the clavicle.
• MEDIALLY: Midline of neck
• POSTERIORLY (LATERALLY): Anterior border of the Trapezius muscle

Question 2

Quadrilateral space divided by ——— muscle 2 main triangles
• The Sternocleidomastoid muscle →moves obliquely —— and —— from —— and —— (ORIGIN) to —— and —— (INSERTION)
• Antero-medially: —— triangle
• Postero-laterally: —— triangle

Answer 2

Quadrilateral space divided by Sternocleidomastoid muscle 2 main triangles
• The Sternocleidomastoid muscle →obliquely upwards and backwards from clavicle and sternum (ORIGIN) to mastoid process and Superior nuchal line (INSERTION)
• Antero-medially: anterior triangle
• Postero-laterally: posterior triangle

Question 3

Posterior triangle
• BOUNDARIES :
• -anteriorly ———
• posteriorly———
• -inferiorly———
• The apex of the triangle is formed by the ——— muscles on —— bone

Answer 3

Posterior triangle
• BOUNDARIES :
• The Sternocleidomastoid -anteriorly
• The Trapezius muscle-posteriorly
• The Clavicle -inferiorly
• The apex of the triangle is formed by the 2 muscles on occipital bone

Question 4

The ROOF of the posterior triangle formed by:

Answer 4

The ROOF of the posterior formed by:
1. Skin
2. Superficial fascia
3. Platysma muscle
4. Investing layer of the deep cervical fascia

Question 5

The FLOOR of posterior triangle formed by the following muscles from above downwards:

Answer 5

The FLOOR of formed by the following muscles from above downwards:
1. Splenius Capitis
2. Levator scapulae
3. Posterior scalene
4. Middle scalene
5. Anterior scalene

Question 6

The posterior triangle is sub-divided into 2 smaller by the ——— muscle .
• These are the :
. ———

Answer 6

The posterior triangle is sub-divided into 2 smaller by the Inferior belly of the Omohyoid muscle .
• These are the :
. Supraclavicular . Occipital

Question 7

Supraclavicular triangle
• It is formed by:

Answer 7

Supraclavicular triangle
• It is formed by:
1. Inferior belly of Omohyoid 2. Clavicle
3. Sternocleidomastoid

Question 8

The Occipital triangle
• The Occipital triangle is formed by the

Answer 8

The Occipital triangle
• The Occipital triangle is formed by the
1. Inferior belly of Omohyoid
2. Trapezius muscle
3. Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 9

CONTENTS OF POST triangle
• NERVES and PLEXUSES:

Answer 9

CONTENTS OF POST
• NERVES and PLEXUSES:
1. Spinal acessory nerve
2. Branches of Cervical plexus
3. Roots and trunks of brachial plexus

Question 10

Content of posterior triangle
VESSELS:

Answer 10

VESSELS:
1. Subclavian artery
2. Transverse Cervical artery
3. Suprascapular artery
4. External jugular vein (terminal part)

Question 11

Content of posterior triangle
LYMPH NODES:

MUSCLES:

Answer 11

LYMPH NODES:
1. Occipital
2. Supraclavicular
MUSCLES:
1. Inferior belly of Omohyoid muscle

Question 12

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE POSTERIOR TRIANGLE
1. The Accessory Nerve may be damaged ,while taking ———
2. The ——— Vein is superficial location here, and vulnerable to traumatic injury

Answer 12

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE POSTERIOR TRIANGLE
1. The Accessory Nerve may be damaged ,while taking lymph node biopsy
2. The External Jugular Vein is superficial location here, and vulnerable to traumatic injury

Question 13

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
• BOUNDARIES:include
• ROOF:include

Answer 13

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
• BOUNDARIES:
Anterior border of the SCM muscle midline of the neck
inferior border of the mandible
• ROOF:
• Skin
• Superfacial fascia and platysma muscle • Investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Question 14

SUBDIVISIONS OF THE ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
• The anterior triangle is divided into four smaller triangles:

Answer 14

SUBDIVISIONS OF THE ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
• The anterior triangle is divided into four smaller triangles:
1. SUBMENTAL TRIANGLE
2. SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE
3. CAROTID TRIANGLE
4. MUSCULAR TRIANGLE

Question 15

SUBMENTAL TRIANGLE
• Formed by the :

Answer 15

SUBMENTAL TRIANGLE
• Formed by the : anterior midline of
neck
hyoid bone
anterior belly of digastric muscle

Question 16

SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE
• Formed by:

Answer 16

SUBMANDIBULAR TRIANGLE
• Formed by:
Inferior border of the mandible
Anterior belly of the digastric muscle
Posterior belly of the digastric muscle

Question 17

CAROTID TRIANGLE
• FORMED BY:

Answer 17

CAROTID TRIANGLE
• FORMED BY: Superior belly of the
Omohyoid muscle
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Posterior belly of the digastric muscle

Question 18

MUSCULAR TRIANGLE
• Formed by:

Answer 18

MUSCULAR TRIANGLE
• Formed by:
midline of the neck
superior belly of the Omohyoid
sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 19

CONTENTS OF THE ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
• VESSELS:

• NERVES:

Answer 19

CONTENTS OF THE ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
• VESSELS:
carotid system(CCA,ICA, ECA) Internal Jugular vein
• NERVES:
Cranial nerves 7,9,10,11,12 Cervical plexus

Question 20

• MUSCLES:
Suprahyoid muscles: include:
Function:
Infrahyoid muscles :include:
Function:

Answer 20

• MUSCLES:
Suprahyoid muscles: (Digastric , Mylohyoid,Stylohyoid,Geniohyoid )These elevate the hyoid bone , and the floor of the mouth ,and depress the mandible .
Infrahyoid muscles :
(Sternohyoid,Sternothyroid,Thyrohyoid, Omohyoid )
These depress the hyoid bone and the larynx.

Question 21

Landmarks:
1) The tips of the transverse processes of C1 are more prominent than those of other cervical vertebrae. Palpate in the —— space
2) The hyoid bone: Its body is at the level of C—. It has a lesser and greater horns (cornua) bilaterally.
3) The thyroid cartilage lies at the levels of C— and C—.
• The laryngeal prominence is ——
• The thyroid cartilage is composed 2 —— with —— and —— horns (cornua).
• The inferior cornua articulate with the —— cartilage.
4) The cricoid cartilage lies at the level of C—. The upper end of the trachea is palpable in the midline from the cricoid cartilage to the superior border of the manubrium.
5) The thyrohyoid membrane is pierced by the internal branches of the ———
6) The cricothyroid membrane may be used for a high ———.
*The preferred site of tracheostomy is at tracheal cartilages — to —(below the —— cartilage and the —— of the thyroid gland).

Answer 21

Landmarks:
1) The tips of the transverse processes of C1 are more prominent than those of other cervical vertebrae. Palpate in the parotid space
2) The hyoid bone: Its body is at the level of C3. It has a lesser and greater horns (cornua) bilaterally.
3) The thyroid cartilage lies at the levels of C4 and C5.
• The laryngeal prominence is Adam’s apple.
• The thyroid cartilage is composed 2 lateral laminae with superior and inferior horns (cornua).
• The inferior cornua articulate with the cricoid cartilage.
4) The cricoid cartilage lies at the level of C6. The upper end of the trachea is palpable in the midline from the cricoid cartilage to the superior border of the manubrium.
5) The thyrohyoid membrane is pierced by the internal branches of the superior laryngeal nerve and vessels.
6) The cricothyroid membrane may be used for a high tracheostomy.
*The preferred site of tracheostomy is at tracheal cartilages 2-4 (below the cricoid cartilage and the isthmus of the thyroid gland).