Pharynx

Question 1

Subdivisions of the pharynx and their other names

Answer 1

Subdivisions of the pharynx
Nasopharynx (epipharynx)
Oropharynx (mesopharynx)
Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

Question 2

It is about — to — cm in length, broader in the ———- than in the ——— diameter.

Answer 2

Pharynx or throat is a fibromuscular hollow tube.
It is about 12-14 cm in length, broader in the transverse than in the antero-posterior diameter.

Question 3

Functions of pharynx

Answer 3

Functions
* The pharynx is the common channel for deglutition (swallowing) and respiration; food and air pathways cross each other in the pharynx..
….All in all function!!!!
Tonsils (collection of lymphoid tissue) for defense mechanism
Support for surrounding structures… palate, auditory tube, tongue..

Question 4

Course
Pharynx begins from behind the ——— to behind the ——- where it becomes continuous with the ———.
HENCE: The pharynx forms part of the ——— system and ——— system.

Answer 4

Course
Pharynx begins from behind the nasal cavity to behind the larynx where it becomes continuous with the esophagus.
HENCE: The pharynx forms part of the digestive system and respiratory system.

Question 5

Nasopharynx
The most cephalic portion that lie behind the ———
It is a part of the ——— system
It begins at the ———— limit to the ————.

Answer 5

Nasopharynx
The most cephalic portion that lie behind the nasal cavity
It is a part of the respiratory system
It begins at the posterior nasal limit to the pharyngeal isthmus.

Question 6

Pharyngeal isthmus
The isthmus is a constricted space formed by the ————, the ———— arches and the ——— wall of the pharynx of the region.
The isthmus is closed up by muscular action during ———.

Answer 6

Pharyngeal isthmus
The isthmus is a constricted space formed by the soft palate, the palatopharyngeal arches and the posterior wall of the pharynx of the region.
The isthmus is closed up by muscular action during swallowing.

Question 7

Nasopharynx features
Each lateral wall of the nasopharynx has an opening of the ———( that allows for————)

Answer 7

Nasopharynx features
Each lateral wall of the nasopharynx has an opening of the auditory tube (allow air passage to the middle ear for balancing)

Question 8

Nasopharynx features
Each lateral wall of the nasopharynx has an opening of the auditory tube
The ———— recess OR fossa of ———— is a depression behind the opening of the auditory tube. It contains ——— lymph node (Node of ———).

Answer 8

Nasopharynx features
Each lateral wall of the nasopharynx has an opening of the auditory tube (allow air passage to the middle ear for balancing)
One can actually feel this opening using the side of the tongue
The pharyngeal recess OR fossa of Rosenmuller is a depression behind the opening of the auditory tube. It contains retropharyngeal lymph node (Node of Rouvier).

Question 9

Oropharynx
Lies behind the ——— cavity
• It begins at the ——— to the superior border of the ——-

It forms part of the ——- and ——- System

Answer 9

Oropharynx
Lies behind the oral cavity
• It begins at the isthmus to the superior border of the epiglottis
It forms part of the digestive and respiratory system????

Question 10

Laryngopharynx
The ——— part of the pharynx
It begins from the ——— and ends at the ————.
 It is has ONLY ———-
function.

Answer 10

Laryngopharynx
The caudal part of the pharynx

It begins from the superior border of the epiglottis and ends at the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage.
 It is has ONLY digestive
function.

Question 11

Structure components of the pharyn
The pharynx consists of four layers of structures from within to outward:

Answer 11

Structure components of the pharyn
The pharynx consists of four layers of structures from within to outward:
(1) Mucous membrane
(2) Fibrous coat
() Muscular coat
(4) Fascial coat
(buccopharyngeal fascia)

Question 12

Pharyngeal mucous membrane
The most internal compartment lined with epithelium.
The nasopharynx -> ——— epithelium
The oropharynx and laryngopaharynx -* ————epithelium

Answer 12

Pharyngeal mucous membrane
The most internal compartment lined with epithelium.
The nasopharynx -> pseudostratified epithelium (respiratory epi.)
The oropharynx and laryngopaharynx -* non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (characteristic of a wear and tear surface)
NB: Region of the pharynx are lined with continuous epithelium lining of the neighboring structure

Question 13

Pharyngeal fibrous coat
Fibrous coat/ ———fascia over lies the mucous layer.
~ It is thickest in its ——- and diminishes in thickness as it ——— and hence is gradually lost.
r Forms a ——— posteriorly (which gives attachment to the constrictor pharyngeal muscles).

Answer 13

Pharyngeal fibrous coat
Fibrous coat/ pharvngo-basilar fascia over lies the mucous layer.
~ It is thickest in its superiör and diminishes in thickness as it descends and hence is gradually lost.
r Forms a median raphe posteriorly (which gives attachment to the constrictor pharyngeal muscles).

Question 14

Pharyngeal muscles
The pharynx muscles are group of muscles that form the bulk of the pharynx located deep to the
———— fascia
Functions

Answer 14

Pharyngeal muscles
The pharynx muscles are group of muscles that form the bulk of the pharynx located deep to the
pharyngeal fascia
Functions
Determining the shape of the pharynx.
Contracts to propel food
Maintain cavity for air passage

Question 15

The muscles are arranged in two layers
The outer ——— layer includes;

The inner ——— layer includes;

Answer 15

The muscles are arranged in two layers
The outer circular layer includes;
Inferior constrictor muscle
Middle constrictor muscle
Superior constrictor muscle
The inner longitudinal layer includes;
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Salpingopharyngeus muscle
Palatopharyngeus muscle,

Question 16

Constrictor muscles
The outer circular layer includes and their functions?
1. Inferior constrictor
The ——— of the three constrictors M.
*It arises from two areas:
The first from the ———-
The second arising from the ————.
The fibers spread backward and medial-ward to be inserted into the fibrous ———— in the posterior median line of the pharynx.

Answer 16

Constrictor muscles
The outer circular layer includes:
They constrict the lumen and propel food into the esophagus
1. Inferior constrictor
The thickest of the three constrictors M.
*It arises from two areas:
The first from the thyroid cartilage (thyropharyngeal part)
The second arising from the cricoid cartilage (cricopharyngeal part).
The fibers spread backward and medial-ward to be inserted into the fibrous pharyngeal raphe in the posterior median line of the pharynx.

Question 17

The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a —— shaped muscle.
It arises from the whole length of the upper border of the ———— and lower border of the———-
The fibers diverge from their origin: the lower ones descend beneath the ———, the middle fibers pass transversely and the upper fibers ascend and overlap the ———-
It is inserted into the posterior median ———-, blending in the middle line with its same on the opposite side.

Answer 17

The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a fan shaped muscle.
It arises from the whole length of the upper border of the greater cornu of the hyoid hone and lower border of the lesser cornu.
The fibers diverge from their origin: the lower ones descend beneath the inferior constrictor, the middle fibers pass transversely and the upper fibers ascend and overlap the superior constrictor ???? Fan shaped
It is inserted into the posterior median fibrous raphe, blending in the middle line with its same on the opposite side.

Question 18

3. Superior constrictor muscle
   Highest located muscle of the three pharyngeal constrictors.
   The muscle is a
   ———— muscle

Answer 18

quadrilateral muscle

Question 19

The inferior muscle is divided into four parts which is based on its origin.
They arise from:
1.- ———— part from the lower border of the posterior margin of the ———- plate
2.————— part from the ———- raphe
3.————— part (a few fibers from the posterior side of the ——-)
4.————- part from the ——— process of the ——— bone
The fibers curve backward to be inserted into the ——— of the pharynx.

Answer 19

The muscle is divided into four parts which is based on its origin.
They arise from:
- Ptervgopharyngeal part from the lower border of the posterior margin of the medial ptervgoid plate (sphenoid bone process/ medial limb)
Buccopharvngeal part from the ptervgomandibular raphe (ligamentous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia)
Glossopharvngeal part (a few fibers from the posterior side of the tongue)
Mvlopharvngeal part from the alveolar process of the mandible
The fibers curve backward to be inserted into the median raphe of the pharynx.

Question 20

Inner longitudinal layer
They act to ——— the pharynx during ———.
•

Answer 20

Inner longitudinal layer
They act to shorten the pharynx during swallowing.
• Stylopharyngeus
• Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

Question 21

Palatopharyngeus muscle
It extending from the ——— in the roof of the mouth to blend with the ———.

Answer 21

Palatopharyngeus muscle
It extending from the palate in the roof of the mouth to blend with the pharynx.
It is a long, fleshy
fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end

Question 22

Stylopharyngeus muscle
• It extends from the ———-

Answer 22

Stylopharyngeus muscle
• It extends from the styloid process of temporal bone.
> A long, slender muscle that is cylindrical above and flattened below.

Question 23

Salpingopharyngeus muscle arises from the ———— in the nasal cavity then passes downward to blend with the fibers of the ——— muscle

Answer 23

Salpingopharyngeus muscle arises from the eustachian tube /pharyngotympanic tube in the nasal cavity then passes downward to blend with the fibers of the palatopharyngeus muscle

Question 24

pharynx is supplied by ——— artery

Answer 24

pharynx is supplied by ascending pharvngeal arterv

Question 25

Nerve supply
The most of the sensory and motor supply is by the
———— and ——— nerves respectively.

Answer 25

Nerve supply
The most of the sensory and motor supply is by the
glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves respectively.