Unit 2a: Anatomy & Physiology of the Thyroid

Question 1

The average length of the thyroid is __ to __ cm
The average height is __ to __ cm
The average height of the isthmus is __ to __ mm

Answer 1

4-6 cm
1.3-1.8 cm
4-6 mm

Question 2

The average weight of an adult thyroid is

Answer 2

15-30g

Question 3

__ arteries supply the thyroid

Answer 3

4

Question 4

The 2 superior thyroid arteries arise from the ______ arteries while the 2 inferior thyroid arteries arise from the ____ arteries

Answer 4

External Carotid arteries
Subclavian arteries

Question 5

There are __ many veins that drain the thyroid

Answer 5

6

Question 6

They superior thyroid veins drain into the _____ vein
The middle thyroid veins drain into the ___ veins
The inferior thyroid veins drain into the ____ _____ vein

Answer 6

Internal Jugular veins
Internal Jugular veins
Left brachiocephalic

Question 7

The three hormones the thyroid produce are

Answer 7

1) T3 (triiodothyronin)
2) T4 (Thyroxine)
3) Calcitonin

Question 8

Follicular cells process ____ to secrete T3 and T4

Answer 8

Iodine

Question 9

_______ cells, also known as c-cells, secrete calcitonin in order to _____ blood calcium levels

Answer 9

Parafollicular
Lower

Question 10

Follicles are line with ______ cells and ______

Answer 10

follicular
colloid

Question 11

T3 and T4 are formed when ____ binds to _________ (protein)

Answer 11

Iodine
Thyroglobulin

Question 12

The hypothalamus release ____ to activate the anterior pituitary to release ____. This causes the thyroid to release ____ and ___ to the target organs.

Answer 12

TRH
TSH
T3 and T4

Question 13

Sleep, cold, and stress ______ the BMR stimulating the release of this hormone: ______

Answer 13

Lowers
TRH

Question 14

TSH is also called _____

Answer 14

Thyrotropin

Question 15

Thyroid development begins at the level of the primitive ____

Answer 15

Pharynx

Question 16

The thyroid migrates down the _____ tract after development and is considered to by a fully developed gland at the end of the ___ trimester

Answer 16

Thyroglossal tract
First

Question 17

The most common thyroid variation is a ________

Answer 17

Pyramidal Lobe

Question 18

The most severe thyroid variation is ___

Answer 18

Athyrosis

Question 19

Ectopic thyroid is most commonly _____

Answer 19

Lingual