Module 2: Unit 1 - Intro to Breast Anatomy

Question 1

BC cancer breast screening program is available for BC women ______ years or older

Answer 1

40 years or older

Question 2

True or False: Mammography is the #1 screening modality for breast cancer and uses XRay

Answer 2

True
(it is the most common and most effective)

Question 3

The first imaging sign of developing malignancy is _________. Which mammography is capable of detecting early

Answer 3

Microcalcifications

Question 4

Limitations of Mammography include the FIVE:

Answer 4

1) Dense breast tissue (radiopaque) vs Fatty (radiolucent)
2) Cannot tell Cystic vs Solid
3) Localization
4) Malignant vs Benign features
5) Human error

Question 5

Advantages to breast ULTRASOUND include these SIX:

Answer 5

1) Painless
2) Low cost
3) Non-Ionizing
4) Cystic/solid differentiation
5) Mass localization
6) Biopsy Guidance

Question 6

Limitations of breast ULTRASOUND include these THREE:

Answer 6

1) Operator dependent
2) Benign vs Malignant features
3) Microcalcification detection

Question 7

Five advancements in breast ultrasound include:

Answer 7

1) Automated whole- breast scanners
2) 3D and 4D ultrasound
3) Elastography
4) Contrast enhanced ultrasound
5) AI programs

Question 8

True or False: Mammary glands are exocrine

Answer 8

True ( produce milk)

Question 9

The glandular elements primarily function to produce milk, whereas the stromal elements consist of ____, ________ connective tissues, as well as blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves

Answer 9

Fat
Fibrous connective tissue

Question 10

Developmental anomalies include:

Answer 10

1) Unilateral early ripening (premature thelarche)
2) Precocious Puberty (before 8 years of age)
3) Congenital nipple inversion
4) Polythelia (MOST COMMON)
5) Polymastia
6) Hypeplasia
7) Amastia ( Failure of breast tissue to develop - usually with Athelia)
8) Amazia (Absence of breast tissue but nipple is present)

Question 11

The areola contains _____ glands that are sebaceous and secrete oil during breast feeding

Answer 11

Montgomery

Question 12

Main arterial blood supply is from the ___________ to the medial portion of the breast and branches of the _____ artery to supply the lateral aspect

Answer 12

Internal thoracic artery
Axillary

Question 13

Lymph flows through intramammary nodes and lymph vessels into a ________ plexus

Answer 13

Subareolar

Question 14

Intramammary lymph nodes are located within the breast especially in the _____ quadrant near the ____

Answer 14

Upper Outer
Axilla

Question 15

True or False: Intramammary nodes are less commonly visualized on US than axillary nodes

Answer 15

True

Question 16

The first lymph node which drains a cancerous tumor and is at most risk for mets is the ____ Lymph Node

Answer 16

Sentinel

Question 17

_____ ligaments support the breast and are suspensory. With age they become more lax

Answer 17

Coopers

Question 18

The three layers of the breast are the:

Answer 18

1) Premammary (subcutaneous fat)
2) Mammary (parenchymal)
3) Retromammary (fat, vessels, lymphatics)

Question 19

The mammar layer consists of __ to __ lobes overlapping in a radial pattern. Each lobe contains _ to _ terminal ductolobular units (TDLUs)

Answer 19

15-20 lobes
20-40 TDLUs

Question 20

TDLUs are the ___ unit of the breast and are composed of a ____ and extralobular terminal ____. TDLUs contain _____ which produce milk

Answer 20

Functional
Lobule
Extralobular terminal duct
Acini

Question 21

Acini, the smallest functional units of the breast produce ___

Answer 21

Milk

Question 22

____ or terminal ductules —> ______ terminal duct —-> _____ terminal duct —-> ______ duct —-> Lactiferous _____ —-> Nipple

Answer 22

Acini
Intralobular
Extralobular
Lactiferous
Sinus

Question 23

The most significant breast condition in men are _____ and ____

Answer 23

Gynecomastia
Cancer
(men rarely develop lobules/adenomas etc..) NO COOPERS LIGS

Question 24

What breast layer contains funcitons tissues of the breast

Answer 24

Mammary

Question 25

Which layers of the breast contain fat?

Answer 25

All 3!

Question 26

What are the smallest functional units of the breast?

Answer 26

acini