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Biology 11 > Animals > Flashcards

Animals Flashcards

1
Q

Zoology

A

Study of animals

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2
Q

4 characteristics of animals

A

Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic
Motile

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3
Q

Embryology

A

Different cells have different functions

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4
Q

Germ layers

A

Most basic tissue formed in embryo

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5
Q

3 types of germ layer

A

Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm

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6
Q

Ectoderm

A

Layer that forms outer body
Ex. Skin, fur, scales, nervous system

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7
Q

Endoderm

A

Forms inside lining of digestive tract
Ex. Gut lining, respiratory lining

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8
Q

Mesoderm

A

Layer in between endo/ectoderm, forms most organ systems
Ex. Circulatory, respiratory, muscular systems

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9
Q

Coelom

A

Cavity that forms between 2 layers of mesoderm

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10
Q

Only organism that has asymmetry

A

sponges

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11
Q

What organisms have radial symmetry

A

Primitive animals
Starfish, sand dollars,
Cnidarians

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12
Q

Where is bilateral symmetry found in

A

Complex organisms

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13
Q

Cephalization

A

Sensory/nervous tissue is concentrated in anterior region

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14
Q

What does high cephalization allow?

A

For animals to process lots of information at once

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15
Q

Only motile stage of sponges life

A

Sperm

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16
Q

What systems do sponges lack?

A

Digestive, circulatory and nervous

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17
Q

Collar cells

A

Line the central cavity
Use flagella to create water currents that siphon water into central cavity

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18
Q

How many germ layers do sponges have?

A

0

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19
Q

Hermaphrodites

A

Capable of producing male and female gametes

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20
Q

How are sponges ecologically important?

A

Provide habitat for many aquatic species

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21
Q

Cnidaria

A

First animals to have germ layers and embryology
Includes jellyfish, coral, and sea anenomies

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22
Q

What germ layer do cnidarians lack?

A

Mesoderm
Lack internal organs

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23
Q

Nematocysts

A

Stinging cells that paralyze prey

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24
Q

What were the first animals to perform extra cellular digestion?

A

Cnidarians

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25
Q

What symmetry do cnidarians have?

A

Radial

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26
Q

Medusa

A

Cnidarian that has ectoderm face up

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27
Q

Polyp

A

Cnidarian that has endoderm side up

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28
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

Simplest form of worms
Contains flatworms

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29
Q

What were the first animals to have mesoderm, bilateral symmetry and chephilization?

A

Flatworms

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30
Q

Flukes

A

Parasitic flatworms that have digestive tracts
Have incomplete digestive system

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31
Q

Pharynx

A

Extends from mouth of flatworm, shreds food particles and sucks into digestive cavity

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32
Q

Pseudocoelomates

A

Animals with only 1 layer mesoderm

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33
Q

What can flatworm nervous system detect?

A

Blurry images
Sensing chemicals

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34
Q

Simplest organism known to be able to learn

A

Flatworm

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35
Q

Tapeworms

A

Specialized parasitic flatworm
Have evolved to lose digestive tract and sensory organs

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36
Q

Proglottids

A

Reproductive organs that release from worm once matured and exit through feces to be ingested

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37
Q

Phylum nematoda

A

Contains roundworms
Thread like
Are pseudocoelomates

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38
Q

First animals to have complete digestive system

A

Roundworms

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39
Q

Hookworm

A

Most common type of parasitic flatworm
Can infect host without being ingested

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40
Q

Guinea worm

A

Ingested when host drinks contaminated water

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41
Q

Who dedicated their like to eradicating Guinea worm?

A

Jimmy carter (U.S president)

Only 2nd eradicated disease following smallpox

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42
Q

How many people did Guinea worm infect in 1980s and how many does it infect now

A

Used to infect 1.4 million/year
Only 15 cases Guinea worm in 2021

43
Q

Phylum Arthropoda

A

Most diverse animal phylum; 1.2 million species
First animals to colonize land

44
Q

Head of arthropod

A

Anterior segment containing sensory organs
First animals to have ears

45
Q

Compound eyes

A

Eyes containing multiple calcite crystals that act as lenses

46
Q

Thorax

A

Middle segment of arthropods containing digestive tract and appendages

47
Q

Crop

A

Digestive organ that stores food for later digestion

48
Q

Abdomen

A

Posterior body segment that contains most internal organs/ reproductive organs

49
Q

Internal fertilization

A

Gametes fuse within body of female

50
Q

Do arthropods have open or closed circulatory system?

A

Open
Abdomen contains it
Blood flows freely in coelom

51
Q

Spiracles

A

Small tubes that connect coelom to outside of organism

52
Q

Malphigian tubes

A

Filter blood and excrete waste

53
Q

Exoskeleton

A

Hard covering made of chitin that serves as protection and water retention

54
Q

Class Crustacea

A

Contains crabs, lobsters and crayfish

55
Q

Chephalothorax

A

Head and thorax fused into single body segment

56
Q

Carapace

A

Protective covering over exoskeleton made of calcium carbonate
Crabs- carapace covers cephalothorax and abdomen
Lobsters crayfish- carapace only covers cephalothorax

57
Q

Class insecta

A

Contains insects ants and bees
Most complex arthropods
Many insects are vectors

58
Q

Insect life cycle

A

Egg- sessile stage
Larvae- motile stage
Pupa- sessile stage
Adult- motile stage

59
Q

Class arachnicadia

A

Contains spiders scorpions and ticks
Contain 2 body segment: abdomen and chephalothorax
Have 8 legs, don’t have antennae or wings

60
Q

Phylum cordata

A

Contains most recognizable animals
Only 5% animals are chordates
Defining characteristic- backbone

61
Q

Agnatha

A

Includes jawless fish
Ex. Lampreys and hagfish
Only chordates that lack vertebrae but have a notocord

62
Q

Notocord

A

Cartilaginous rod that runs length of nerve cords

63
Q

Condricthyes

A

Cartilaginous fishies
Contains sharks and rays

64
Q

First tetrapods

A

Sharks

65
Q

Rostrum and lateral line

A

Detects electromagnetic fields

66
Q

Osteicthyes

A

Includes bony fish
Ex. Salmon, tuna

First animals to have skeleton made of bone

67
Q

Class amphibia

A

Includes amphibians
First terrestrial vertebrates
First tetrapods

68
Q

What characteristics are more developed in amphibians

A

Respiratory system
Muscular system

69
Q

Who were the first terrestrial vertebrates

A

Amphibians

70
Q

Dessication

A

Lack of has exchange; extreme dehydration

71
Q

Who had the first 3 chambered hearts

A

Amphibians

72
Q

What do tadpoles undergo to enter adult stage

A

Metamorphosis

73
Q

Class Anura

A

Contains frogs
Lack tail and have enhanced muscular system

74
Q

Sub-class caudata

A

Contains salamander and newts
Tailed amphibians

75
Q

Sub-class Gymnophiona

A

Contains caecilians
Lost limbs to adapt to soil

76
Q

Who were the first truly terrestrial vertebrates?

A

Reptiles

77
Q

Who were the first amniotes?

A

Reptiles

78
Q

Parthenogenic

A

Can reproduce asexually
Includes some reptiles

79
Q

What purpose do scales serve?

A

Prevent dessication

80
Q

Order squamata

A

Contains lizards, snakes
Second most diverse order

81
Q

What characterizes order squamata?

A

Protruding scales

82
Q

Order testudines

A

Contains turtles and tortoises

83
Q

Order archasauria

A

Contains crocodilians and dinosaurs
Socket-toothed reptiles that allowed for sharper stronger teeth

84
Q

What did class archausauria give rise to?

A

Aves (birds)

85
Q

Class aves

A

Contains birds
Include all flying vertebrates excluding bats

86
Q

Convergent traits that birds and mammals share

A

Warm-blooded
4-chambered hearts

87
Q

What animals have 3-chambered hearts

A

Reptiles
Amphibians

88
Q

Viviparous

A

Give birth to live young

89
Q

What functions do hair have

A

Thermoregulation and camoflauge

90
Q

Radula

A

Muscle with teeth used to scrape food off of surface

91
Q

What 2 functions of a mollusc help perform mechanical digestion

A

Foot and radula

92
Q

Visceral mass

A

Contains internal organs

93
Q

Mantle

A

Tissue surrounding visceral mass that produces shell

94
Q

Class bivalvia

A

-Contains clams, oysters and mussels
-Have modified shell split into 2 valves
-Use gills instead of radula for feeding

95
Q

Umbo

A

Point on mantle where shell originates

96
Q

Are bivalves sedentary?

A

Yes

97
Q

Class cephalopoda

A

Contains Squid and octopus
Foot- modified into head and tentacles
Shell- modified into beak

98
Q

Phylum echinodermata

A

Contains sea stars, sand dollars and urchins

99
Q

Why is echinoderm nervous system less developed?

A

Loss of bilateral symmetry

100
Q

Radial nerves

A

Control sensory and movement in each appendage

101
Q

Do echinoderms have a heart?

A

No

102
Q

Many echinoderms can perform what kind of digestion?

A

External digestion

103
Q

What’s the defining feature of echinoderms?

A

Tube feet

104
Q

Do echinoderms have a complete digestive system?

A

Yes

Biology 11 (6 decks)

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