UK human

Question 1

rural v urban areas differences

Answer 1

rural
- older pop
- smaller/sparser pop
- agriculture
- cheaper land
- less services
(population density, age structure, economic activity, settlement)

Question 2

why does the urban core grow

Answer 2

• multiplier effect - attracts migrants who spend money creating more growth
• growth of conurbations - grow and merge with towns creating large spatial growth / influence

Question 3

globalisations impact on urban core

Answer 3

• containerisation - more demand/accessible supplies/more exports + imports
• global shift - deindustrialisation/ more tertiary
  more connected

Question 4

urban core large pop

Answer 4

RURAL > URBAN MIGRATION
more employment
more healthcare/education
bright light syndrome

Question 5

urban core age structure

Answer 5

employment
high salary
attracts young people for careers

Question 6

urban core economic activities

Answer 6

larger income for shops/businesses
more trade from large companies
more transport

Question 7

2 reasons pop density varies

Answer 7

more people living in urban than rural due to jobs services education
urban areas away from higher land - easy to build on and attracts business / people

Question 8

incentives for investors

Answer 8

enterprise zones
EU regional development fund
EU grants
improvements to transport

Question 9

enterprise zones

Answer 9

help start up costs / reduce taxes / superfast broadband
- mostly in urban areas and all in england

Question 10

EU regional development fund

Answer 10

grants and advice to help businesses to start up , available in peripheral areas
- money invested is small

Question 11

EU grants

Answer 11

fund poorest regions in the EU
- only cornwall qualified - in 2015

Question 12

improvements to transport

Answer 12

transport links eg HS2 links london to peripherals
- mostly in urban core
- budget cuta reduce spending elsewhere

Question 13

uk migration policies

Answer 13

EU open door policy
quotas
point based system

Question 14

EU open door policy

Answer 14

free movement of EU citizens

Question 15

quotas

Answer 15

limits on no. migrants allowed to enter on certain visas eg 100,000 farmers

Question 16

point based system

Answer 16

given points based on key factors that are desirable eg skills we need eg NHS have more points

Question 17

national migration

Answer 17

• retirment migration - older people retire to a diff part of UK for scenery, a slower pace of life, less crime etc
• rural to urban - for job oportunities
• north to south drift - regional migration - deindustrialisation

Question 18

birth rate increased

Answer 18

• more overseas born women living in the UK - higher fertility rate
• more older aged women chose to have children

Question 19

new post industrial uk economy

Answer 19

• high wage knowledge based eg quaternary/ banking
• low wage services - retail / commercial
• new rural activities - diversification of farms and teleworking

Question 20

dinnington old economy

Answer 20

coal from the vines use steel
fuels secondary of shipbuilding and engineering

Question 21

dinnington deindustrialisation

Answer 21

• coalfield closed
• steel suffered from no coal / cheaper overseas
• shipbuilding collapsed from no primary and cheaper overseas

Question 22

dinnington new economy

Answer 22

• most is tertiary eg transport/ call centres
• lack of high salary jobs
• large business parks
  primary/ secondary > tertiary

Question 23

london docklands / canary warf new economy

Answer 23

• based on services
• not tied to location
• top end is in london - high skill - high pay

Question 24

knowledge economy

Answer 24

specialised section of the new economy
- quaternary
- high skill / knowledge
- high salary

Question 25

3 things have amjor role on uk economy

Answer 25

• globalisation (TNC headquarters)
• privatisation
• free trade

Question 26

london site

Answer 26

• flat easy to build on
• near thames attracted for trade/ a port

Question 27

london situation

Answer 27

time zone
- overlaps other zones eg asia new york australia so trade is easy
close to europe
- trade by sea quick
- builds connectivity

Question 28

london connectivity

Answer 28

• media hotspot
• good for trade/ attracts people
  eg airports/ eurostar

Question 29

why UK young pop

Answer 29

• bright light syndrome - opportunities for leisure/work
• natural increase then migrate to suburbs when have children / grow up
• so londons pop stays young

Question 30

why clusters of ethnic groups develop in london

Answer 30

• international migrants seek cheap rented housing ( not eligible for social housing)
• take private rented property in inner city developing clusters
• defend against discrimination, support ethnic services/shops, preserve cultural distinctiveness

Question 31

2 differences between richmond and newham

Answer 31

• richmond better educated than newham so in newham cant afford to stay to higher education and head straight to low pay work
• more crimes in newham as more people in poverty so have nothing to lose and need necessities - detracts businesses creating a cycle of decline

Question 32

reasons for urban sprawl

Answer 32

• counter urbanisation > leads to suburbanisation
• family size increases - need cheaper bigger houses
• increasing divorce or later marriage - more seperate houses

Question 33

why london has grown due to re urbanisation

Answer 33

• regeneration on brownfield sites
• gentrification
• investment
• culture and leisure opportunities
• studentification

Question 34

+/- of gentrification

Answer 34

+ land / home owners can increase rent (income)
+ increase services
+ lower crime rates (more police/CCTV)
+ improve environmental qual
- renters priced out
- loss of community spirit
- loss of diversity
- more congestion / pollution - can afford cars

Question 35

olympic regeneration +

Answer 35

• 560 acres improved
• new green spaces
• £10 bill income
• 35000 new jobs

Question 36

olympic generation -

Answer 36

-2800 new homes unaffordable
- 450 flats torn down

Question 37

improvements in london sustainability

Answer 37

• teleworking
• recycling services
• congestion zones
• (first steps) shared ownerships of houses
• grants to install solar panels

Question 38

farm diversification/ tourism

Answer 38

• farm shops
• tourist accommodation
• leisure activities
• tourism projects eg eden project
• retirment migration
• teleworking