C1: Atomic structure

Question 1

What is an atom

Answer 1

Smallest pieces of existing elements

Question 2

What is a compound

Answer 2

Two or more elements combined

Question 3

What is an element

Answer 3

Atoms of the same substance in the Periodic Table

Question 4

What are the three subatomic particles and their charges

Answer 4

Electron, neutron and proton.

Electrons have negative charges, neutrons have no charge and protons have positive charges

Question 5

What is an ion

Answer 5

When an atom loses or gains electrons

Question 6

What is a mixture

Answer 6

Two or more compounds that are NOT combined

Question 7

What is an isotope

Answer 7

Different atoms of the same element that have different neutron numbers, but the same proton numbers

Question 8

What is a molecule

Answer 8

A group of atoms joined together

Question 9

What is the number below the element symbol, what does it do

Answer 9

Atomic number. It is the number of protons and electrons

Question 10

What is the number above the element symbol, what does it do

Answer 10

Atomic mass. It is the total number of protons and neutrons in an element

Question 11

How do we find out the neutron number

Answer 11

Mass number - Atomic number

Question 12

What are the isotopes of hydrogen and how many isotopes does hydrogen have?

Answer 12

3 isotopes

Protium, deuterium and tritium

Question 13

How much of each isotope covers hydrogen

Answer 13

Protium = 99.98%
Deuterium = 0.02%
Tritium = Very rare, not used much

Question 14

What is the calculation for percentage isotope abundancy

Answer 14

(isotope abundance x isotope mass number) /100

Question 15

What was J J Thompson’s discovery

Answer 15

He discovered this in 1897. After he discovered electrons, he modelled the atom as a “plum pudding model” a ball of positive charge (dough) and negative charged electrons (currents in pudding) scattered across the charge

Question 16

What was Ernest Rutherford’s discovery

Answer 16

In 1909, Rutherford discovered that alpha particles could bounce back atoms. He then concluded that an atom’s mass is concentrated in the centre of the atom. He called this the “nucleus” and it contained positively charged particles named “protons”

Question 17

What was Niels Bohr and James Chadwick’s discovery

Answer 17

Niels Bohr had discovered that electrons orbit (fly around) the nucleus at fixed distances.

In 1932, James Chadwick discovered some particles had no charge at all. These were named “neutrons”

Question 18

What is the equation for percentage isotope abundancy

Answer 18

(percentage abundance x mass) /100