Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Veterinary Board Exam - Volume 2 > Avian & Exotic > Flashcards

Avian & Exotic Flashcards

1
Q

Which disease is commonly known as ‘‘lumps’’ in guinea pigs?

A

Cervical lymphadenitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This parasite causes a thick, red-brown crusting of the external ear canal of rabbits.

A

Psoroptes cuniculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Endogenous hypercholesterolemia and cessation of egg production are characteristic signs of which disorder in poultry?

A

Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which normal structure of the tibiofibular bone of many frogs is routinely mistaken for an oblique fracture?

A

The nutrient foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The term dysecdysis refers to which problem noted commonly in reptiles?

A

Difficult or abnormal shedding of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Avocado toxicosis in birds typically affects which organ systems?

A

Respiratory (pulmonary edema) and cardiovascular (hydropericardium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diazoxide is used singly or in combination with prednisone to medically manage which neoplastic condition in ferrets?

A

Insulinoma (both drugs help to raise blood glucose levels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anting or self-anointing is normal behavior of hedgehogs characterized by:

A

Application of frothy saliva to their spines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Relapsing fever, chills, vomiting, myalgia, and lymphadenopathy in a human are the hallmark signs of rat bite fever. Which infectious organisms are the cause?

A

Streptobacillus moniliformis and Spirillum minus are the causative organisms of rat bite fever.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which common disease of reptiles results from prolonged deficiency of dietary calcium or vitamin D3?

A

Nutritional metabolic bone disease (also known as rickets or hypovitaminosis D)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Impression smears of an ulcerated skin nodule on a koi reveal intracellular acid-fast bacilli. What disease is suspected?

A

Piscine mycobacteriosis (also known as fish tuberculosis or fish tank granuloma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the cere, and what is its normal color in budgerigars?

A

The area around the dorsalmost part of the bill/beak. It is normally blue in male budgies and brownish-pink in female budgies; in this species, changes in cere color suggest gonadal tumors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name 3 endocrine causes of hair loss in ferrets.

A

1) Hyperadrenocorticism
2) Hypoestrogenism
3) Testicular neoplasia - associated neoplasia
4) Breeding season alopecia

Other (Physiologic) differential diagnoses include shedding, and telogen defluxion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

These families of antibiotics can cause a fatal enteritis in rabbits by disrupting normal gut flora.

A

Penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many chambers are there in the hearts of snakes and lizards, and which chambers are they?

A

Three: Right atrium, left atrium, and single ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name 3 clinical signs of crop stasis or ‘‘sour crop’’.

A

Regurgitation, delayed crop emptying, a sour odor, inappetence, dehydration, anorexia, and listlessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the following antibiotics should NOT be used in rodents?

A) Enrofloxacin
B) Streptomycin
C) Chloramphenicol

A

B) Streptomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most common subcutaneous tumor in the rat?

A

Fibroadenoma of the mammary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The right adrenal gland in the ferret is closely associated with which large vessel?

A

Caudal vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which common disease of captive turtles is typically associated with blepharedema, lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, and nasal and ocular discharge?

A

Hypovitaminosis A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the gestation length of the rabbit?

A

30-32 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Newly hatched chicks with ‘‘clubbed down’’ (failure of feathers to rupture their sheaths), chicks with curled toe paralysis, and reduced egg production in hens are all signs of deficiency of which vitamin in poultry?

A

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which biochemical abnormality would likely be seen in a sugar glider with hindlimb paralysis secondary to nutritional osteodystrophy (metabolic bone disease)?

A

Hypocalcemia (and hypoproteinemia). A sugar glider is a small marsupial with a light brown coat and large brown eyes, native to Australia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which two sites can be used for intraosseous catheter placement on a bird?

A

Distal ulna and proximal tibiotarsus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Regurgitation, progressive weight loss and finding whole seeds in the feces of your pet parrot are the typical signs of which avian disease?

A

Proventricular dilation disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which infectious disease of rabbits can leas to cataract formation after in utero infection?

A

Encephalitozoonosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the medical indication for feeding a rabbit pineapple juice, and what is the major drawback of such treatment?

A

It contains papain, which helps to break apart trichobezoars. However, the underlying problem (gastric hypomotility) is not helped and may be harmed from gastritis induced by the pineapple juice.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Birds eating less than ______ of their regular diet should be hospitalized and force fed. Choose one:
A) 35%
B) 55%
C) 75%

A

C) 75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When performing a celiotomy on a lizard, you make a paramedian incision to avoid this structure.

A

Ventral abdominal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Birds that eat seeds exclusively often suffer from which vitamin deficiency?

A

Hypovitaminosis A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

_________________ should be worn by the clinician when handling amphibians to protect their (the amphibian’s) sensitive skin.

A

Powderless vinyl or plastic gloves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

In ferrets, which is larger: the female or the male? By how much?

A

The male is approximately twice as large as the female. Body weight of intact make ferrets ranges from 1-2 kg and females from 0.6-1 kg.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which common cause of diarrhea do owners of ferrets often refer to as ‘‘green slime disease’’?

A

Epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which disease of ferrets typically causes hypoglycemia, seizures, collapse, weakness, and muscle fasciculations?

A

Insulinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the anatomical term for the bilobed, oil-producing gland located on the dorsal base of the tail in most psittacines?

A

Uropygial (preen) gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the drug of choice for the treatment of Chlamydophila psittaci infection in the avian patient?

A

Doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which avian respiratory structures communicate with the lungs, serve as bellows, and provide airflow to the lung during both inspiration and expiration?

A

Air sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the treatment of choice (chelator) for birds with lead toxicosis?

A

Calcium disodium EDTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease is caused by which type of virus?

A

Calicivirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

70% of the rabbits in an outdoor breeding facility die acutely, and necropsy reveals blood-tinged nasal discharge, pulmonary edema, and multifocal ecchymoses. What is the most likely etiology?

A

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (Family Caliciviridae, Genus Lagovirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

In snakes, the cloaca receives the products of which of the following?

A) Urinary and digestive systems
B) Urinary and reproductive systems
C) Urinary, digestive and reproductive systems

A

C) Urinary, digestive and reproductive systems

42
Q

What is the parasiticide of choice for treatment of Knemidokoptes infestation in the avian patient?

A

Ivermectin

43
Q

What is the most common cause of dysuria in neutered male ferrets?

A

Urogenital cystic disease (paraurethral cysts)

44
Q

Which parvovirus causes chronic, progressive weight loss in ferrets?

A

Aleutian disease virus

45
Q

Which zoonotic disease should be considered when a bird presents with non-specific clinical signs (green urates, ocular discharge and depression) and the owner has ‘‘flu-like’’ symptoms?

A

Psittacosis - Chlamydophila psittaci infection

46
Q

The erythrocyte lifespan in birds is approximately how many days?

A

35 days

47
Q

Tuberculosis can be seen in fish maintained in tropical fish tanks. Can this condition in fish affect humans?

A

Yes, tuberculosis in fish is caused by Mycobacterium marinum, which can cause fish tank granuloma in humans.

48
Q

Fish lack bone marrow to serve as a hematopoietic organ. Which 2 organs in fish serve as the major sites for hematopoiesis?

A

The anterior kidney and the spleen

49
Q

What is the most likely cause for a budgerigar presenting with an overgrown beak with a characteristic honeycomb pattern?

A

Knemidocoptes spp. mite intestation

50
Q

What is the ‘‘dive response’’ in birds and what should you do if you encounter it when inducing a bird under general anesthesia?

A

A physiological stress response in some birds, causing apnea and bradycardia typically during mask induction with anesthetic gas. Management: Turn off the anesthetic gas, remove the mask, and provide oxygen until recovery.

51
Q

Ichthyophthirius, commonly known as ‘‘Ick’’, is a protozoan parasite that affects the skin of fish. Which of its 2 life stages is most amenable to treatment and why?

A

The tomite stage is a free swimming stage in the water and is vulnerable to treatment. Conversely, the trophozoite (feeding) stages cannot be treated well because they are within the epidermis.

52
Q

Where is the accepted location for placement of microchips in psittacines?

A

The left pectoral muscle

53
Q

Evaluation of which muscle group in birds during the physical examination is used for determining body condition?

A

Pectoral muscles

54
Q

In ferrets, how many fetuses must be present to induce parturition?

A

At least 3

55
Q

You have a ferret requiring a blood transfusion. Even though the patient is stable, you do not perform blood typing or crossmatching. Why?

A

Ferrets lack detectable blood groups.

56
Q

Post-mortem exam of a turkey with a history of anorexia, depression, and sulfur-yellow droppings shows pathognomonic focal, round, pale liver lesions. What is the diagnosis?

A

Histomoniasis (‘‘Blackhead’’), caused by the protozoan Histomonas meleagridis

57
Q

This bacterium is the major component of chronic respiratory disease in rats.

A

Mycoplasma pulmonis

58
Q

A paralyzed chicken is euthanized, and necropsy reveals thickening of the sciatic nerve. Which infectious disease is most likely?

A

Marek’s disease (oncogenic herpesviral disease)

59
Q

Which pocket pet cannot synthesize vitamin C and therefore requires supplementation?

A

Guinea pig

60
Q

The mouse is the primary reservoir for this zoonotic cause of aseptic meningitis.

A

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis

61
Q

Tyzzer’s disease is a common cause of diarrhea and mortality in many rodents. It is caused y which bacterium?

A

Clostridium piliforme

62
Q

What is the normal litter size for ferrets?

A

8-10 kits

63
Q

The most common parasite of the rabbit gastrointestinal tract and a common cause of illness in this species is:

A

Coccidia, specifically Eimeria

64
Q

Splenomegaly in a ferret prompts you to perform a splenic aspiration. You know the two most common findings on cytologic examination in ferrets with splenomegaly are:

A

Extramedullary hematopoiesis and lymphoma

65
Q

Which types of hormones are increased in adrenal gland disease in the ferret?

A

Estrogens and androgens; Cortisol levels are rarely increased in ferrets with adrenocortical disease

66
Q

Which type of urolith is most common in the ferret, and what is the cause of urolith formation?

A

Struvite urolith. In ferrets, sterile (notably diet-associated) struvite uroliths are more common than infection-associated struvite uroliths.

67
Q

Which of the following etiologies for cardiac diseases is least likely to be seen in ferrets in North America:

A) Heartworm disease
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C) Dilated cardiomyopathy
D) Congenital valvular disease

A

D) Congenital valvular disease

68
Q

An overweight adult rabbit has hematuria, stranguria and urine scald. The rabbit’s diet consists of free-choice pellets and alfalfa hay. What is the most likely cause of the rabbit’s clinical signs?

A

Calcium oxalate uroliths

69
Q

When examining the perineum of a spayed female ferret, you notice vulvar enlargement. This is consistent with which 2 disorders?

A

1) Adrenal disease (Much more common)
2) Ovarian remnant

70
Q

'’Snuffles’’, otitis interna, and subcutaneous abscesses in rabbits are most commonly caused by which infectious organism?

A

Pasteurella multocida

71
Q

What is the most common cause of acute hindlimb paralysis in the rabbit?

A

Vertebral fracture/luxation

72
Q

For what reason should you not rely on photographs alone for identifying pet ferrets?

A

Ferrets may lose or change their mask configuration from season to season and from year to year!!

73
Q

What is the most common skin tumor of guinea pigs?

A

Trichoepithelioma

74
Q

If you wanted to test the fasting blood glucose level of a ferret, how long should the ferret be fasted?

A

3 hours. Because of the short gastrointestinal transit time in this species, fasting for longer than 3 hours is not necessary.

75
Q

What is the main route of transmission of canary pox?

A

Bloodsucking insects such as mosquitoes and red mites

76
Q

When obtaining a blood sample via venipuncture, no more than ___% of a bird’s body weight should be collected.

A

1%

77
Q

Which organism causes fowl typhoid? Which organism causes fowl cholera?

A

Fowl typhoid: Salmonella gallinarum
Fowl cholera: Pasteurella multocida

78
Q

Which compound can be intermittently excreted in rabbit urine and is often mistaken for hematuria?

A

Porphyrin

79
Q

Are most mammary neoplasms in mice and gerbils benign or malignant?

A

Malignant (in contrast to rats and hamsters, where most are benign)

80
Q

Ferrets experience a normal seasonal change in body fat. In intact animals, the weight change is most dramatic. The weight difference may be as great as:

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 70%

A

C) 40%

81
Q

Chronic dental disease is known to lead to which infectious complication in rabbits?

A

Abscessation

82
Q

Ferrets should be vaccinated against which 2 diseases?

A

Canine distemper and rabies

83
Q

Female ferrets are induced ovulators. If not induced to ovulate, which hormonal level may remain elevated for months, and how could this be hazardous to the animal’s health?

A

In the absence of ovulation, serum estrogen levels remain high, which can cause bone marrow aplasia/aplastic anemia.

84
Q

Which other 2 body systems besides the central nervous system may be affected in encephalitozoonosis in rabbits?

A

Renal and ophthalmic

85
Q

The most common physical exam abnormality in ferrets with adrenocortical disease is:

A

Alopecia

86
Q

Ferrets should be fed a diet high in which two dietary components?

A

Fat and protein

87
Q

This cause of hematuria is the most common neoplasm of female rabbits.

A

Uterine adenocarcinoma

88
Q

Circovirus infection in pet birds can cause which clinical disease?

A

Psittacine beak and feather disease

89
Q

Candidiasis in birds is a yeast infection that most commonly affects which organ system?

A

Gastrointestinal tract

90
Q

Should the shaft of the feathers of a healthy bird on a good diet be stiff or flexible if bent?

A

They should flex, not break, and spring back to a normal position when released.

91
Q

Can castration reduce the incidence of interindividual aggression in male iguanas?

A

Yes (male iguanas do have testes), if performed prior to the breeding season

92
Q

Blackhead disease in turkeys is transmitted by which nematode paratenic host?

A

Heterakis gallinarum

93
Q

Temperate zone reptiles regularly undergo brumation. What is this?

A

Hibernation. For brumation, they require cooler than normal environmental temperatures (typically for 2-3 months continuously) and no feeding.

94
Q

Which is the skin color most likely to indicate systemic illness in an iguana - green, dark grey or rust?

A

Rust. Green is normal before exposure to sunlight for thermoregulation, and darker, grey tones are normal when absorbing sunlight.

95
Q

You are presented with a turtle that is swimming unevenly on the lateral plane. Which condition should be considered as your top differential diagnosis?

A

Pneumonia (with a consolidated lung). A unilateral mass (abscess) or asymmetric gas accumulation (bloating) can result in similar signs.

96
Q

What are the common clinical signs of cheyletiellosis in rabbits?

A

Pruritus, alopecia, dry to oily seborrhea with crusts and erythema

97
Q

Snake longevity: how long might a captive python be expected to live?

A) 1-5 years
B) 5-10 years
C) 10-25 years
D) 25-50 years
E) 50-90 years

A

D) 25-50 years
The record for a ball python is 47 years, with earlier mortality expected depending on environment, nutrition, and reproductive (and other) stresses.

98
Q

Which of these 3 signs is considered a cardinal sign of subcutaneous abscesses in reptiles?

A) Erythema
B) Heat
C) Fever
D) None of these

A

D) None of these
In marked contrast to abscesses in mammals, abscesses in reptiles usually show none of these signs.

99
Q

Which sensory compromise may adversely affect a snake that has lost its tongue (e.g. trauma or infection)?

A

It may not feed due to loss of olfaction.

100
Q

In reptiles, what is the most common location of uroliths (urinary bladder vs. kidneys) and what is the typical mineral composition?

A

Urinary bladder (virtually never renal); urate salts (virtually 100%)

Veterinary Board Exam - Volume 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions