Types of Inhalation Anesthetics

Question 1

a gaseous anesthetics also known as “laughing gas”

Gaseous at room temperature but is readily compressible at 30 to 50 atm (70 psi) to a colorless liquid

Answer 1

Nitrous oxide (N2O)

Question 2

Clinical uses of this drug:

— Used to supplement narcotic or inhalation anesthesia
— Adds to the effect of the other inhalation anesthetics therefore less of more potent inhalants is needed to produce general anesthesia
— Speeds the uptake of other inhalants (second gas) into the blood stream (second gas effect). This is caused by N2O-dependent increase in alveolar concentration.

Answer 2

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

Question 3

Dosages of this drug:

Induction: 70% N2O : 30% O2
Maintenance: 50% or 66% N2O (N2O:O2 = 1:1 or 2:1)

Answer 3

N2O

Question 4

Clinical uses of this drug:

One of the most useful anesthetics because it is nonflammable, potent, non-irritating, controllable and relatively non-toxic

— Causes moderate muscle relaxation
— Can be used in all species
— In humans, it is potentially hepatotoxic

Answer 4

Halothane

Question 5

Dosages of this drug:

Induction: 2-4%
Maintenance: 0.5 – 1.5% in small animals; 1-2% in large animals

Answer 5

Halothane

Question 6

Concurrent use of N2O a) _____ the amount of halothane required and induction time is b) _____.

Answer 6

a) reduces
b) decreased

Question 7

Clinical uses of this drug:

— Most potent inhalation anesthetics
— Produces excellent muscle relaxation and analgesia
— Prolonged induction and recovery thus it is not suitable for mask induction
— In humans, it is potentially nephrotoxic

Answer 7

Methoxyfluorane

Question 8

Dosages of this drug:

Induction: 2-3%
Maintenance: 0.2-1%

Answer 8

Methoxyfluorane

Question 9

Clinical uses:

— Causes extremely rapid induction and recovery because of very low blood-gas partition coefficient
— Produces good muscle relaxation and analgesia
— Pungent odor produces airway irritation provoking coughing or breath holding; makes mask induction difficult.

Answer 9

Desflurane

Question 10

Clinical uses:
— Produces fast, smooth induction and recovery
— Can be used in all species
— Produces excellent muscle relaxation

Answer 10

Isoflurane

Question 11

Dosages:

Induction: 2.5 to 4.5%
Induction is facilitated by the use of intravenous anesthesia or nitrous oxide

Maintenance: 1-3%

Answer 11

Isoflurane

Question 12

Clinical uses:
— Most potent, negatively inotropic inhalant
— Produces good muscle relaxation and analgesia
— Causes rapid induction and recovery from anesthesia

Answer 12

Enflurane

Question 13

Clinical uses:
- Produces fast, smooth induction and recovery
- Produces good muscle relaxation and analgesia

Answer 13

Sevoflurane

Question 14

a volatile liquid used in laboratory animals
— highly flammable and explosive
— maintains respiration and minimally depresses cardiac output

Answer 14

diethyl ether