Prostatic carcinoma

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

The cells involved in NODULAR PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA?

Answer 2

prostatic stromal and epithelial cells

Question 3

What is Estradiol?

Answer 3

Estrogen

Question 4

Nodular hyperplasia develops due to activation of growth through: (3 points)

Answer 4

→ Estradiol that increases in aging men will increase the number androgen receptors

→ The stromal cells produce 5 alpha reductase (it converts testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone “DHT”)

→ Testosterone and DHT bind nuclear androgen receptors in the stromal and epithelial cells causing growth factor activation → thereby nodular hyperplasia

Question 5

lobes commonly affected in Prostatic hyperplasia?

Answer 5

Question 6

Gross prostate; describe

Answer 6

The outer surface is smooth and cut section is elastic with multiple cysts discharging milky secretion

Question 7

Prostate microscopy, what do you see?

Answer 7

Question 8

Men with the highest risk of prostate cancer?

Answer 8

Men with the highest ‘free’ testosterone levels face a 18% greater risk of prostate cancer

Question 9

gross prostate, describe

Answer 9

Question 10

Prostate microscopy, what do you see?

+ diagnose

Answer 10

Question 11

What will you see in Grade 1 Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

Answer 11

Grade 1: single, separate, uniform small glands in closely packed masses with definite round edges limiting the area of the tumor

Question 12

What will you see in Grade 2 Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

Answer 12

Grade 2: single, separate, less uniform glands, loosely packed (separated by small amounts of stroma) with less sharp edges.

Question 13

What will you see in Grade 3 Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

Answer 13

Grade 3: Single, separate, much more variable glands, irregularly separated, few cribriform glands & poorly defined edges

Question 14

What will you see in Grade 4 Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

Answer 14

Grade 4: Fused glandular structures infiltrating the surrounding stroma

Question 15

What will you see in Grade 5 Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

Answer 15

Grade 5: Cords, solid masses of malignant cells or glandular structures showing cribriform pattern or central necrosis (comedo carcinoma

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

T1 stage of prostatic carcinoma?

Answer 18

Question 19

T2 stage of prostatic carcinoma?

Answer 19

Question 20

T2a stage of prostatic carcinoma?

Answer 20

Question 21

T2b stage of prostatic carcinoma?

Answer 21

Question 22

T2c stage of prostatic carcinoma?

Answer 22

Question 23

T3 stage of prostatic carcinoma?

Answer 23

Question 24

T4 stage of prostatic carcinoma?

Answer 24

Question 25

NX stage of prostatic carcinoma?

Answer 25

Question 26

N0 stage of prostatic carcinoma?

Answer 26

Question 27

N1 stage of prostatic carcinoma?

Answer 27

Question 28

M0 stage of prostatic carcinoma?

Answer 28

Question 29

M1 stage of prostatic carcinoma?

Answer 29

Question 30

M1a stage of prostatic carcinoma?

Answer 30

Question 31

M1b stage of prostatic carcinoma?

Answer 31

Question 32

M1c stage of prostatic carcinoma?

Answer 32

Question 33

Lymph nodes often affected in prostatic adenocarcinoma?

Answer 33

iliac and para-aortic lymph nodes

Question 34

Effect of metastatic prostate carnimoma tissue to bone?

Answer 34

producing new bone formation (osteoblastic rather than osteolytic)

Question 35

Answer 35