components of a balanced diet - energy for life Flashcards

1
Q

carbohydrates
what food source
what function

A

bread, potatoes, rice, cereals & fruit

fuel for respiration
store of energy

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2
Q

proteins
what food source
what function

A

meat, eggs, fish, quinoa & quorn

growth and repair of cells and tissues
fuel for respiration

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3
Q

lipids (fats)
what food source
what function

A

butter, cooking oil, cream & avocados

store of energy
thermal (and electrical) insulation
fuel for respiration

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4
Q

the most common substrate is the carbohydrate ______

A

glucose

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5
Q

glucose is stored as _____ in plants

A

starch

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6
Q

glucose is stored as ________ in animals

A

glycogen

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7
Q

energy is measured in

A

kilojoules (kJ)

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8
Q

how do you measure the amount of energy in food

A

by burning it and seeing how much heat energy is released

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9
Q

energy content of a food sample practical:

A

measure 25cm3 of water
pour into boiling tube
record starting temp
food is lit over bunsen burner
hold food under boiling tube to heat it
(if food stops burning relight it)
relight until food no longer burns
measure finishing temp of water
calculate the temp change

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10
Q

iron
what food source
what function
deficiency disease

A

red meat, liver & spinach

forms the part of haemoglobin which binds to oxygen

anaemia

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11
Q

calcium
what food source
what function
deficiency disease

A

milk and dairy products, fish & fresh vegetables

needed to form bones and teeth

rickets

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12
Q

vitamin A
what food source
what use in body
deficiency effect

A

fish liver oil, liver, butter & carrots

making a chemical in the retina and also protects the surface of the eye

night blindness & damaged cornea

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13
Q

vitamin C
what food source
what use in body
deficiency effect

A

fresh fruit & vegetables

needed for cells and tissues to stick together

scurvy

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14
Q

vitamin D
what food source
what use in body
deficiency effect

A

dairy products & lily fish

needed to absorb Calcium and Phosphate ions from food

rickets - caused by weak bones

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15
Q

water is ?
it is used for ?
is crucial for ?

A

an essantial solvent (allows things to be dissolved into it)

it is used to transport the components of blood (substances in blood plasma)
regulating temp

is crucial for temp regulation

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16
Q

fibre is ?
mainly made of ?
helps what ?
prevents ?

A

is a plant material that you can’t digest
it is mainly a chemical called cellulose
- (found in cell wall of plants)
helps the movement of food through the intestine
preventing constipation and bowel cancer

17
Q

protein β€”β€”>

A

protein β€”(pepsin)β€”>
(peptides) β€”(trypsin)β€”> amino acids

18
Q

carbohydrates β€”β€”>

A

carbohydrates β€”(amylase)β€”> (maltose) β€”(maltase)β€”> glucose

19
Q

lipids β€”β€”>

A

lipids β€”(lipase)β€”> glycerol & fatty acids

20
Q

what enzyme breaks down protein into peptides
what enzyme breaks down peptides amino acids

A

protease: pepsin
pepsin is made in the stomach

protease: trypsin
trypsin is made in the pancreas

21
Q

what enzyme breaks down carbohydrates into maltose
what enzyme breaks down maltose into glucose

A

carbohydrase: amylase
amylase is made in pancreas and salivary glands

carbohydrase: maltase
maltase is made in pancreas

22
Q

what enzyme breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

A