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electrical theory > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Alternating current (AC)

A

Current that reverses its direction of flow periodically at regular intervals

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2
Q

Atom

A

smallest part of an element that contains all the parts of that element

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3
Q

Atomic number

A

equal the number of. protons in an atom’s nucleus

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4
Q

Attraction

A

force that causes one object to pull another object to itself

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5
Q

Bidirectional

A

object that moves in 2 directions

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6
Q

Conductor

A

device or material that permits current (electrons) to flow

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7
Q

Direct Current (DC)

A

current that does not change direction of flow

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8
Q

Electron

A

negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom and is one of 3 principle parts of an atom

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9
Q

Electron orbit

A

shell in which an electron moves around the nucleus of an atom

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10
Q

Element

A

smallest component; one part of a group of devices

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11
Q

Insulators

A

material that is used to isolate two conductive surfaces

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12
Q

Matter

A

anything that occupies space

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13
Q

Molecules

A

smallest part of a compound that is made up of individual atoms

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14
Q

Negative

A

one polarity of a voltage, current or charge

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15
Q

Neutron

A

particle that resides in the atom’s nucleus and has no charge and is one of 3 principle parts of the atom

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16
Q

Nucleus

A

centre or middle

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17
Q

Positive

A

charge of a particle or atom when the number of protons exceeds the number of electrons, or when electrons are lost

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18
Q

Proton

A

particle found in the atom’s nucleus that is positively charged and is one of the 3 principle parts of an atom

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19
Q

Repulsion

A

force that causes an object to push another object away from iteslf

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20
Q

Semiconductor

A

material that contains 4 valence electrons and is used in the production of semi-solid state devices

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21
Q

Unidirectional

A

moving in one direction

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22
Q

Valence electrons

A

electrons found in the outer orbit of an atom

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23
Q

Who first discovered electricity and when

A

The Greeks about 2500 years ago

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24
Q

Where did the word electric derive from

A

elektrik: to be like amber

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25
Q

States of matter

A

solid
liquid
gas
plasma

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26
Q

What is the basic building block of nature

A

the atom

27
Q

Matter is made up of..

A

combination of atoms

28
Q

3 principle parts of an atom

A

proton
electron
neutron

29
Q

Which atom does not contain a neutron

A

Hydrogen

30
Q

Does an atom always have the same number of protons and neutrons

A

No

31
Q

How much heavier than the electron is the proton

A

approximately 1838x as heavy

32
Q

How much bigger is the proton than the electron

A

about a thousand times bigger

33
Q

What determines the kind of element an atom is

A

the number of protons in the nucleus

34
Q

State the law of charges

A

opposite charges attract and like charges repel

35
Q

Is the electron the smallest particle in an atom

A

No

36
Q

Gluon

A

a quark that acts as a mediator to hold the nucleus together

37
Q

Quark

A

subatomic particles that make up the principle particles of the atom

38
Q

Bohr model

A

electrons exist in specific orbits around the nucleus
when protons and electrons are equal in number, the net charge of an atom is zero

39
Q

What is the outer shell of an atom called

A

valence shell

40
Q

Formula for number of electrons in an orbit

A

2N^2

41
Q

How many electrons can the 4th and 5th orbits hold

A

no more than 32

42
Q

How many electrons in the outer shell make a stable condition

A

8

43
Q

Elements with 8 electrons in the valence shell are called what

A

noble gases

44
Q

Which atoms are the least stable

A

Ones with 1, 2, or 3 electrons in the outer shell

45
Q

Bump theory

A

Current is produced when an electron from one atom knocks electrons from another atom out of orbit

46
Q

How many valence electrons are there in materials used as insulators

A

7 or 8

47
Q

How many valence electrons do semiconductors have

A

4

48
Q

What are the two most commonly used materials for semiconductors

A

silicon (Si)
germanium (Ge)

49
Q

What happens to semiconductor resistance when they are heated

A

resistance decreases when semiconductors are heated

50
Q

Ionization

A

process in which an atom gains or loses an electron and thus gaining either a positive (loss of electrons) or negative (gain of electrons) charge

51
Q

How many valence electrons do materials used as conductors have

A

1, 2 or 3

52
Q

List typical insulators

A

rubber
glass
wood
plastic

53
Q

List typical conductors

A

Gold
Silver (best)
Copper
Aluminum

54
Q

What is the smallest part of a compound

A

molecule

55
Q

List the methods of producing electricity

A

Magnetism
Chemical action
Pressure
Heat
Friction
Light

56
Q

What is the most common way of producing electricity

A

Magnetism

57
Q

Piezoelectric effect

A

striking, bending or twisting of crystals to produce electricity

58
Q

Seebeck effect

A

Use of heat to create electricity

59
Q

How are static charges produced

A

when certain materials are rubbed together and electrons are transferred from one object to another

60
Q

What is the operating principle of thermocouplers

A

The Seebeck effect

61
Q

Which method of producing electricity uses photons

A

light

62
Q

Photon

A

massless particle of pure energy

63
Q

How are photons produced

A

when electrons are forced into a lower energy level

electrical theory (5 decks)

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