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Easter term fourt hyear > VPH meat inspection > Flashcards

VPH meat inspection Flashcards

1
Q

Which animals do we test for trichinella

A

Wild boar, solipeds, pigs not reared in controlled housing

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2
Q

Which animals do we test for BSE and what do we do if there is a positive

A

All at risk cattle (die on farm or during transport) >48 months old via brainstem sample
–> If positive, must dispose of this carcase + one in front and two behind in the line

Sheeep >18 months have sample of cerebellum and brainstem taken; + sheep dead on arrival

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3
Q

Which animals need carcase splitting during processing

A

Solipeds, cattle over 8 months, pigs over 5 weeks, sheep over 1 year

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4
Q

Key difference in time and lesion type between acute and chronic

A

Acute = DAYS; inflammatory maints
Chronic = weeks/months/years; inflammation replaced by longer term changes e.g adhesions, fibrosis, necrosis

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5
Q

Can an OV condemn meat based on inspection

A

No. If FBO disagrees with OV, OV can appear in court of law and court can condemn the meat

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6
Q

OV should declare meat unfit for human consumption if…

A

No AMI/PMI
Animal dead before slaughter (except wild animals) or still born
Animals <7 days old
Generalised disease e.g sepsis, myaemia
Infectious and notifiable disease
Not in conformity with food safety criteria/with residues
Emacition
Soiling or faecal contamination
Contains SRM
Animal/health risk in OV opinion
Specific disease hazard guidelines
Pathophysiological abnormalities e.g odour, oedema, bleedng

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7
Q

Judgement on abscesses

A

Reject affected part
If multiple abscesses/signs of pyaemic spread then reject whole thing

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8
Q

Judgement on TB

A

If just one lesion, do local rejection
If multiple areas affected, reject whole carcase and offal

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9
Q

Judgement on caseous lymphadenitis

A

If just small parts reject this
If generalised, reject whole thing

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10
Q

Judgement of enzootic bovine leukosis

A

= notifitable retrovirus
Reject carcase and offal and notify APHA

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11
Q

Judgement on jaundice

A

Reject

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12
Q

Judgement on melanosis

A

Reject affected parts

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13
Q

Judgement on emaciation

A

Unfit

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14
Q

What test can we do to check if an animal is too emaciated

A

Leave overnight
- If it goes into rigor mortis then probably okay
- If it gets wetter over night then should reject

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15
Q

Judgement on odema

A

If localised, just reject parts
If generalised, reject whole carcase

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16
Q

Judgement on pale soft exudative pork

A

= FIT for human consumption

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17
Q

What causes pale soft exudative pork

A

Well muscled pigs subject to acute stress before slaughter; get increased lactic acid production, rapid pH fall

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18
Q

Cause of dark firm dry condition of meat and what is the judgement

A

chronic stress so glycogen stores in muscles used up
Usually fit for consumption but depends on severity

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19
Q

Judgement on septicaemia toxaemia

A

Whole carcase and offal are unfit

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20
Q

3 types of erysipelas and judgement for each

A

Urticarial form: rejected affected parts (skin with diamonds, kdineys with petechiae)

Acute or septicaemic form: reject whole carcase and offal

Chronic: reject affected organs (kidney infarcts, endocarditis so heart) + arthritic joints

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21
Q

Cause of Glasser’s disease

A

Haemophilus parasuis
- Get polyserositis and polyarthritis

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22
Q

Judgement on glasser’s disease

A

May be able to strip pleura and peritoneum

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23
Q

Judgement of Coernurosis/Gid

A

Reject head of affected sheep

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24
Q

What parasite causes gid/coernurosis

A

Intermediate stage of canine tapeworm Taenia multiceps

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25
Q

What parasite causes cyticercus ovis

A

Intermediate stage of canine tapeworm taenia ovis

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26
Q

Judgement of cyticercus ovis

A

If generalised, reject affected carcase
If localised, reject areas

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27
Q

What parasite causes cysticercus bovis

A

Intermediate stage of human tapeworm taenia saginata

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28
Q

Judgement of cysticercus bovis

A

If just one cyst (viable or caseous) reject affected area and cold treat the rest of the carcase
If generalised then reject the whole carcase and offal

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29
Q

What causes cysticercus cellulosae

A

Intermediate stage of human tapeworm taenia solium

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30
Q

Judgement of cysticercus cellulosae (taenia solium)

A

REJECT whole thing
- Don’t get this in the UK

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31
Q

What is the cause of cysticercus tenuicollis

A

Intermediate stage of dog tapeworm taenia hydatigena
- seen in sheep

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32
Q

Judgement of cysticercus tenuicollis (taenia hydatigena)

A

Reject areas with attached cysts
If there are serpentine tracts in the liver should reject this too

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33
Q

Cause of hydatidosis and what organs is it seen esp in

A

Intermediate stage of canine tapeworm echinococcus granulosis
esp in liver and lungs

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34
Q

Judgement of hydatidosis

A

Reject offal containing cysts

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35
Q

What is the cause of sarcocytosis and what do cysts look like

A

Protozoan parasite
See off white/green cysts in the muscle

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36
Q

Judgement on sarcocytosis

A

Can trim and reject local areas
But if generalised must reject whole carcase and offal

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37
Q

Judgement on trichinella

A

Reject carcase and offal!

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38
Q

What two organisms are involved in atrophic rhinitis in pigs

A

PAstuerella
bordetella

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39
Q

What to do with pigs carcase with atrophic rhinitis

A

Reject head as unfit
Check carcase for septicaemia and reject if septicaemia

40
Q

Cause of lumpy jaw and what do do with it

A

Actinomyces bovis
Reject head as unfit

41
Q

Judgement on cow with wooden tongue

A

Reject tongue as unfit
Check rest of carcase for generalised infection

42
Q

Judgement with kungworm

A

Reject the lungs

43
Q

When would we have to reject the whole carcase and offal in cases of pericarditis

A

If septic and acute

44
Q

Cause of milk spot liver

A

Migration of ascaris suum; causes chronic focal interstitial hepatitis

45
Q

When would we reject whole carcase in liver fluke

A

If sheep is emaciated and oedematous

46
Q

What do we reject with hepatic lipidosis

A

Just the affected part of the liver

47
Q

What is congestive haemorrhagic hepatitis associated with

A

Mycotocins and ragwort

48
Q

What is telangiectasis

A

PLum pudding liver

49
Q

Judgement on acute enteritis

A

Reject whole carcase and offal

50
Q

What notifiable disease should we consider with enlarged spleen

A

Anthrax

51
Q

What do we reject with renal retention cysts

A

Affected lobule

52
Q

In which individuals do we see focal interstitial nephritis

A

Just in young calves
Related to E coli infection

53
Q

What do we reject in hydronephrosis (obstructive uropathy)

A

Reject affected kidney
+ check carcase for uraemia

54
Q

Judgement of peritonitis

A

If localised then reject affected organs
If diffuse and septic then reject whole carcase

55
Q

What does chalk like abdominal fat suggest

A

Fat necrosis (lipomatosis)
Reject affected area unless generalised

56
Q

Judgement on linguatula serrata

A

Reject affected mesentery

57
Q

Judgement on pleurisy

A

Can strip affected pleura off the ribs and reject that

58
Q

Judgement on mastitis

A

Reject the udder
Check for signs of septicaemia, pyaemia

59
Q

Judgement on metritis

A

Reject uterus
Check carcase for systemic signs

60
Q

Calf diphtheria judgement

A

Reject affeted areas
If carcase emaciated or bronchopneumonia signs then reject whole carcase

61
Q

When might we reject whole carcase in cases of bone and joint conditions

A

If there is a welfare issue

62
Q

Judgement on osteohaemochromatosis (congenital orphyria)

A

= due to accumulation of plants/endogenous porphyrins in blood which gives tissue pigmentation and photosensitisation

Must reject head and bones
Can strip unaffected muscle off bones

63
Q

What extra test might we consider with degenerative necrotic myositis

A

Veterinary residues test (since often injection injury)

64
Q

What is Zenker’s degeneration

A

Hyaline degeneration of striated muscle in cattle/sheep
- See white/cream tubules in muscle esp forwaurters
Due to lactic acid production or bacteria introduced via injection

65
Q

Judgement of xanthosis

A

Reject affected parts

66
Q

What is pre-sternal calcification/putty brisket

A

Pressure necroosis of fat overlying the anterior sternum due to repeititve pressure and trauma; reject affected are

67
Q

Judgement on warbles

A

Reject affected parts
= notifiable

68
Q

What is classified at foetal flesh

A

Flesh of animals <7 days old

69
Q

Signs of immaturity (should reject as foetal flesh)

A

Soft yellow hooves with unworn sole pads
Unhealed umbilicus
Flesh wet, grey/red,loose and easily torm
Fat around kidneys unformed and jelly like

70
Q

What is different about routine poultry inspection compared to red meat

A

Just a visual inspection with no palpation or incision

71
Q

Who can carry out post mortem inspection in poultry

A

PLant inspection assistance; under supervision of OV or MHI i.e OV or MHI comes daily to check viscera and body cavity of representative samples from each flock
And does detailed inspection of representative samples of rejected birs

72
Q

When can flocks be exempt from routine inspection of all birds; just check sample

A

If the FBO has an effective system for separating abnormal birds, long standing compliance with micro-criteria and good HACCP
No problems with FCI, ante mortem or welfare

73
Q

What size production qualified as small scale poultry production and so is just registered and not approved
- what implications does this have

A

<10,000 birds
So enforcement if via local authority
- Can kill their own birds and sell directly or via butcher

74
Q

What to do with birds suspected of salmonella at slaughterhouse

A

Slaughter at the end of the shift

75
Q

What to do if heat exhausted birds arrive at slaughterhouse

A

Rest and cool the birds

76
Q

What key poultry disease is notifiable

A

HPAI

77
Q

What must be inspected as part of poultry inspection

A

Surface of bird
Viscera
internal body cavity

78
Q

Slaughter processing problems that cause rejections
poultry systems

A
  • Machine damage (NB: differentiate from pre-slaughter injury)
  • Poor plucking
  • Failure of evisceration
  • Contamination; with plant grease or with bird matter e.g faecel, bile
  • Over-scald, giving bird a cooked appearanc (reject if >2mm depth)
79
Q

What to do with emaciated birds

A

Reject

80
Q

What to do with runts

A

Not really unsafe but often rejected; issues with automatic machines set to certain size

81
Q

Wha is oregon disease

A

Degenerative muscle condition Deep Pectoral Myopathy (DPM)
- get necrosis of bits of breast muscle
- Can;t see at PMI
- safe to eat, just cut off
i.e local rejection

82
Q

What does a cherry red colour vs darker red colour indicate in poultry

A

Cherry red suggests poor bleeding
Dark red suggests septicaemia

83
Q

What is green leg disease

A

Healing bruise from rupture of gastrocnemius tendon
- Do local rejection

84
Q

What do crater like lesions on skin of birds suggest

A

Squamous cell carcinoma
- Total rejection

85
Q

What is marek’s disease

A

Lymphomas of feather follicles and skin
- Total rejection

86
Q

What is cellulitis and what judgement do we make in poultry

A

Inflammation under the skin esp in vent area; due to E coli infections acquired via feather follicles or scratches

If wet form: total rejection (jelly like yellow connective tissue beneath skin)

If dry form (crisping; yellow caseous pus) then local rejection

87
Q

Which organs do we especially find TB lesions in in birds

A

Lungs, liver, spleen
Total rejection

88
Q

Judgement on pericarditis if chronic vs acute in poultry

A

If chronic can just reject heart
If acute more likely to be systemic and need to reject entire carcase

89
Q

How common is jaundice in birs compared to mammals

A

Less common
Total rejection

90
Q

What is salpingitis in poultry

A

Inflammation and impaction of oviducts often with purulent material

If localised just reject oviduct
If secondary issues do total rejection

91
Q

What category do we usually reject poultry carcases as

A

Cat 2

92
Q

What to do with white muscle disease in poultry

A

Total rejection
= vit E/Se defieicnecy (unable to use not absolute deficiency)

93
Q

What to do with uncut or badly bled birds

A

Reject whole thing

94
Q

What to do with erysipelas in birds

A

Total rejection

95
Q

WHat do do with peritonitis/perihepatitis in birds

A

Total rejection

Easter term fourt hyear (48 decks)

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