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(Q4) BE - FPH 102 > COMMUNICABLE DISEASES > Flashcards

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Flashcards

1
Q

Number of individuals who are infected to diseases

A

Morbidity

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2
Q

Involves the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in populations, and the application of this study to control health problems

A

Epidemiology

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3
Q

means frequency and pattern

A

Distribution

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4
Q

Described as the basic science of public health

A

Epidemiology

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5
Q

Focuses on the relationship that exists between the number or cases of a particular disease and the size of the population

A

Frequency

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6
Q

Occurrence of health-related events by time, place, and person.

A

Pattern

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7
Q

causes and factors in understanding the processes behind the occurrence of the disease and other health-related events

A

Determinants

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8
Q

Involves a disorder of structure or function in humans, especially one that produces specific symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply direct result of physical injury

A

Disease

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9
Q

Forming a triangle with 3 interactive elements

A

epidemiologic triad

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10
Q

the interaction of the three dynamic elements of the epidemiological triad results to

A

Disease

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11
Q

An infectious microorganism or pathogen which exposure to an organism will result in disease through variety of factors.

A

Agent

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12
Q

Refers to the one who gets the disease

A

Host

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13
Q

Refers to extrinsic factors that affect the agent and the opportunity for exposure to the host

A

Environment

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14
Q

The interaction of the three variables is observed in this model, causing the development of a disease

A

Infectious disease model

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15
Q

Accounts to multifactorial nature of causation of a particular disease

A

Causal pies

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16
Q

Who proposed the epidemiological triad?

A

John Wade frost (1928)

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17
Q

Who developed causal pies?

A

Kenneth J. Rothman (1976)

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18
Q

3 components of the infectious disease model

A

Host, Pathogen, Environment

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19
Q

Contributes to an individual factor that contributes to cause disease shown as a piece of pie

A

Component Cause

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20
Q

Involves a component that appears in every pie or pathway wherein without it, disease does not occur

A

Necessary Cause

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21
Q

Involves a complete pie, which might be considered a causal pathway to the development of disease

A

Sufficient Cause

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22
Q

Brought by a specific infectious agent or its
toxic products capable of being directly or indirectly transmitted from man to man, animal to man, animal to animal, or from the environment to man

A

Communicable Disease

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23
Q

A type of disease that occurs in an individual
which cannot be transmitted towards another person

A

Non-communicable Disease

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24
Q

Refers to the sequence of events pertaining to the progression of a disease process in an individual overtime, in the absence of treatment

A

Natural history of disease

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25
Q

During this stage, an individual becomes more prone to develop a disease brought about by various factors and mainly due to a higher rate of exposure from the pathogen.

A

Stage of susceptibility

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26
Q

Prone or increase of inclination

A

Susceptible

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27
Q

Focus of the stage of susceptibility

A

Exposure to pathogen

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28
Q

As the disease progresses comes its influence in the physiologic activities of the individual’s body without him/her being aware of them during this time, pathologic changes already develop

A

Stage of subclinical disease

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29
Q

Focus of Stage of subclinical disease

A

Determining changes

30
Q

True or false. During the stage of subclinical disease, the individual appears to be asymptomatic.

A

True. The disease is progressing but there are no apparent changes in the body yet.

31
Q

Extendsfromthe time of exposure to onset of disease symptoms for infectious disease

A

Incubation period

32
Q

Extends from the time of exposure to onset of disease symptoms and being infectious

A

Latency period

33
Q

Known to occur once symptoms start to appear in an individual where most diagnoses are being made to validate the existence of an abnormality in the body which may differ in terms of severity

A

Stage of clinical disease

34
Q

The end result of experiencing the disease whether he/she recuperates from the condition, or it will worsen which could lead to irreversible complications and even end of life of individual

A

Stage of recovery, disability, or death

35
Q

When conditions worsen, it leads to

A

Disability

36
Q

Involves a range as to the effect of disease process in an individual from mild to severe or fatal which ultimately results to either in recovery, disability, or death

A

Spectrum of disease

37
Q

Refers to the proportion of exposed persons who become infected

A

Infectivity

38
Q

Refers to the proportion of infected
individuals who develop clinically apparent disease

A

Pathogenicity

39
Q

Refers to the proportion of clinically
apparent cases that are severe or fatal

A

Virulence

40
Q

This is the result of continuous interaction of the elements that could lead to the transmission of agent from one susceptible host towards another as it takes place

A

Chain of infection

41
Q

Known as the pathogen, involves the microorganism that brings forth disease towards the host

A

Infectious disease

42
Q

Considered as the “habitat” in which the agent
normally lives, grows, and multiplies

A

Reservoir

43
Q

Most common type for infectious
diseases transmitted from person to person without intermediaries

A

Human reservoir

44
Q

A person identified as having the disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation (symptomatic)

A

Case

45
Q

A person with inapparent infection who can transmit the pathogen to other (asymptomatic)

A

Carrier

46
Q

Focuses on human being incidental hosts in an animal-to-animal transmission as zoonosis

A

Animal reservoir

47
Q

An infectious disease that is transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans

A

Zoonosis

48
Q

Can be in the form of soil and other inanimate matter

A

Environmental reservoir

49
Q

The path by which pathogen leaves its host and usually corresponds to the site where the pathogen is localized

A

Route of exit

50
Q

Involves the pattern as to how the infectious agent is spread from a reservoir to a susceptible host

A

Mode of transmission

51
Q

An infectious agent is transferred from reservoir to a susceptible host either through direct contact or droplet spread

A

Direct Transmission

52
Q

Skin-to-skin contact, kissing and sexual intercourse

A

Direct contact

53
Q

Spray with relatively large, short-range aerosols produced by sneezing, coughing, or even talking

A

Droplet spread

54
Q

Transfer of infectious agent from
reservoir to host by suspended air particles, inanimate objects, or animate intermediaries

A

Indirect transmission

55
Q

Infectious agents are carried by dust or droplet nuclei suspended in air (the person is not there but its droplets are suspended in the air or fell in the ground)

A

Airborne

56
Q

Transmit an infectious agent include food, water, biologic products, and fomites (inanimate objects that is infected)

A

Vehicles

57
Q

Carry an infectious agent through purely mechanical means or may support growth or changes in the agent

A

Vectors

58
Q

Refers to the manner in which pathogen enters a susceptible host

A

Portal of entry

59
Q

The final link in the chain of infection where an individual potentiates the development of disease

A

Susceptible host

60
Q

“Scattered about”, a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly

A

Sporadic disease

61
Q

Refers to the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area

A

Endemic

62
Q

Disease is constantly present at high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all age groups

A

Hyperendemic

63
Q

Expresses a high level of infection beginning early in life and affecting most of the child population

A

Holoendemic

64
Q

Refers to an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in that area

A

Epidemic

65
Q

Carries the same definition of epidemic but is often used for a more limited geographic area

A

Outbreak

66
Q

Refers to an aggregation of cases grouped in place and time that are suspected to be greater than the number expected even though the expected number may not be known

A

Disease cluster

67
Q

Refers to an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people or a large portion of the population

A

Pandemic

68
Q

Diseases which are imported into a country in which they do not otherwise occur

A

Exotic disease

69
Q

Study of factors in man’s physical environment which may have a deleterious effect on his health, well-being, and survival. Done to prevent microorganisms to make the environment their breeding sites

A

Environmental sanitation

70
Q

Responsible for the promotion of healthy environmental conditions and prevention of environmental-related diseases through appropriate sanitation strategies

A

Environment, health and safety (EHS)

(Q4) BE - FPH 102 (5 decks)

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