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Paramedic Class 27 > 2430 Exam > Flashcards

2430 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between the placenta and the uterus?

A

The placenta is known as the “organ of pregnancy” and the uterus provides a site for fetal development.

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2
Q

which pregnancy organ allows gas exchange between mom and the baby?

A

the placenta

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3
Q

What is the name of the transition after delivery when the newborn begins to breathe air on its own?

A

Extrauterine life

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4
Q

When assessing children, when do you assess the painful area?

A

last

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5
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

upper back curvature

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6
Q

What is Scoliosis?

A

S curvature of the spine

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7
Q

What is Lordosis?

A

Lower back curvature

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8
Q

What are most emotional and medical problems for children a result of?

A

neglect

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9
Q

What is the difference between child abuse, neglect, and abandonment?

A

Abuse represents an action against a child (physical/mental injury)
Neglect represents a lack of action (failure to meet basic needs)
Abandonment - left the child

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10
Q

What is the gestational period of pregnancy?

A

38-40 weeks

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11
Q

What has been the largest cause of preterm births in the US?

A

Narcotic use

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12
Q

If the parent says there is something wrong with the child, you should???

A

believe them. The parents know how the child is supposed to be acting.

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13
Q

What is stenosis?

A

narrowing of the blood vessels.

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14
Q

What is the difference between human trafficking and sexual exploitation?

A

Exploitation is for self use. Human trafficking is sending a person for others to use and for the trafficker to gain money

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15
Q

What happens to a mothers GI tract during pregnancy?

A

Moves slower which may lead to constipation or trouble emptying the stomach.

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16
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

series of involuntary wave like muscle contractions which move food along the digestive tract.

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17
Q

What is one of the factors that stimulates a newborns first breath?

A

hypoxia. Expect the newborn to be slightly blue.

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18
Q

Where is a pulse assessed in a newborn/child?

A

brachial pulse. Easiest to palpate.

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19
Q

What is the most common sensory change for the elderly?

A

Lose their vision and hearing. can lead to falls.

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20
Q

What is specialized care for people in the end stages of living called? ex. renal failure

A

comfort care/palliative care. These patients receive comfort care only. No advanced care is provided.

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21
Q

Medical term for pregnant

A

gravida

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22
Q

Medical term for deliveries?

A

Para

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23
Q

If a newborn remains blue in its trunk, what is it called?

A

centralized cyanosis.

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24
Q

What is the difference between epiglottitis and croup?

A

Epiglottitis is a bacterial infection of the upper airway accompanied by high fever and inflammation of the epiglottis. Child has trouble speaking, drools, cant fully open mouth.
Croup is a viral infection. Low grade fever. Barking cough, fever, hoarseness, labored or noisy breathing.

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25
Q

What are elderly people who can maintain muscle mass less likely to get?

A

arthritis

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26
Q

People in hospice or with a terminal illness usually call ems with something related to???

A

pain or if the issue has gotten worse.

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27
Q

When can a female become pregnant?

A

after their first menstral period.

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28
Q

What is the most common cause of bradycardia in infants?

A

hypoventilation and hypoxia. Second most common cause is hypothermia.

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29
Q

Most kids are predominantly what kind of breathers?

A

nose breathers due to large tongue size.

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30
Q

Newborn breathing rate is 40-60 times/min, normally can hear them make what sound when breathing?

A

grunting

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31
Q

What should be considered when assessing geriatrics?

A

social environment. often afraid of losing their independence.

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32
Q

Which population is more likely to delay calling EMS?

A

Poverty stricken/low income people.

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33
Q

What is something that should be considered when dealing with a female in labor with a hx of c-sections?

A

try not to deliver in the field. can cause a uterine rupture

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34
Q

What is the purpose of drying off the infant after birth?

A

keep them warm. Unable to regulate temperature yet.

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35
Q

Normal HR range for anyone past puberty? 11-12yr and up.

A

60-80

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36
Q

Normal HR for infant:

A

140-160

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37
Q

normal HR for toddler

A

120-140

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38
Q

Normal HR for school aged child:

A

100-120

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39
Q

What could be the cause of an acute onset of ripping or tearing sensation in the chest or abdomen?

A

dissecting aneurysms. More common in tall thin males.

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40
Q

When do you contact CPS or adult protective services?

A

when you suspect abuse. required by law.

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41
Q

What happens generally with each subsequent pregnancy/labor?

A

faster delivery on average.

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42
Q

When is an APGAR score obtained?

A

1 minute and 5 minutes after birth.

43
Q

What does APGAR stand for?

A

appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respirations

44
Q

Why are kids prone to hypothermia and hyperthermia?

A

cannot regulate their temperature as well and because they have low fat stores.

45
Q

What is an issue with high blood pressure in pregnancy?

A

pre-eclampsia/eclampsia

46
Q

Above what systolic pressure is pre-eclampsia?

A

140

47
Q

What medication is given to treat a seizure due to eclampsia?

A

mag

48
Q

What is the difference between pre-eclampsia and cardiomyopathy in pregnant females?

A

Eclampsia is treated with Mag and will present with elevated blood pressure.
Cardiomyopathy associated with obesity and normal BP in pregnancy.

49
Q

What is needed to give fluid to a pedi?

A

weight.

50
Q

What is the formula for a fluid bolus for a pediatric patient?

A

20ml x weight

51
Q

If you dont know the weight of the child, how can it be estimated?

A

2x age +8 = approximate weight in Kg.

52
Q

What is a complication of constipation in pregnancy?

A

Sepsis from bowel obstruction

53
Q

Cool, pale, clammy, HTN, and fluid in the lungs are all s/s of what?

A

CHF

54
Q

What are S/S of pneumonia?

A

warm to the touch, fluid in the lungs. Temp is the major differentiator between CHF and pneumonia.

55
Q

What is the first step when dealing with a seizure due to high blood pressure?

A

need to stop the seizure first.

56
Q

What needs to be done for a healthy newborn who becomes bradycardic?

A

recheck airway and temp. airway and temp are the most common causes of newborn bradycardia.

57
Q

How often are vitals rechecked for critical patients?

A

every 5 minutes.

58
Q

What is likely the issue with an elderly patient who wakes up in the middle of the night and feels like they are drowning?

A

Early sign of CHF and pulmonary edema called paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

59
Q

When mag doesnt work to stop a seizure in a pregnant patient, what is the next step?

A

benzo

60
Q

Where does the pulse oximetry device go on a newborn?

A

right hand . Right hand is closest to the brachial artery after branching directly off the aorta.

61
Q

What should the SPO2 % for a newborn be 10 minutes after birth?

A

85-95%. This is after the ductus arteriosus valve closes.

62
Q

Why do some people call 911 rather than transport themselves to the ED?

A

think they will be seen faster if they go by ambulance.

63
Q

If the patient looks like she has gone into hemorrhagic shock during delivery, she may have a???

A

ruptured uterus. maintain radial pulse with fluid. keep mom alive.

64
Q

What is the first drug and dose given during pediatric CPR?

A

Epi 0.1mg/kg 1:10,000.

65
Q

How should a child be transported to the hospital in the ambulance if possible?

A

car seat

66
Q

What should be considered early for patients above 12 with pulmonary edema?

A

CPAP

67
Q

What is the order of operations for suctioning a newborn?

A

mouth first then nose

68
Q

What is usually the cause of a viral wheezing infection?

A

bronchiolitis. Common in toddlers. inflammation of the small airways.

69
Q

What is usually the issue when a patient has wheezing not associated with infection?

A

asthma

70
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a UTI and how is it treated?

A

urinary frequency, burning when urinating, fever, abdominal pain, cloudy urine. Treat sepsis that may result from UTI.

71
Q

what is the difference between abuptio placenta and placenta previa?

A

abruptio placenta - minimal vaginal bleeding, rigid abdomen, severe abdominal pain, signs and symptoms of shock, pain does not cease.
Placenta previa - paleness; occurs without warning, heavy vaginal bleeding, usually bright red blood.

72
Q

What can happen if you hyperventilate a newborn?

A

increase intrathoracic pressure and decrease preload.

73
Q

what should be done when immobilizing a pediatric patient?

A

pad beneath the shoulders.

74
Q

What is usually the issue with a patient who has missed dialysis?

A

fluid overload.

75
Q

What is usually the issue with a renal patient who has an issue after dialysis?

A

electrolyte depletion.

76
Q

what is the fluid dose for pediatrics?

A

20ml/kg

77
Q

What is something that should be considered with a patient on new medication who only wants to sleep?

A

medication may be over sedating them

78
Q

What should be done with a nuchal chord?

A

slip the chord over the neck. if that doesnt work, clamp and cut. make sure there is no pulse between the clamps before you cut.

79
Q

What should be checked if a newborn remains inactive after stimulation?

A

check BGL. Newborns 40 BGL, kids, 60 BGL, adults 80 BGL.

80
Q

What happens as pacemaker patients age?

A

pacemaker doesnt work as well. may develop bradycardia

81
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

extra fluid in the brain.

82
Q

How is hydrocephalus treated and what are common complications?

A

shunt from the back of the skull to the abdomen. Shunt can become occluded and cause seizures.

83
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of meningitis?

A

fever and stiff neck

84
Q

What does suckling do for the mother?

A

releases oxytocin to help the uterus to contract?

85
Q

What should be done for a pediatric patient with a HR below 60?

A

start CPR

86
Q

What should be done early to prevent bradycardia in pediatric patients?

A

Early O2 and temperature control.

87
Q

What are signs of autism?

A

withdrawn, moaning sounds

88
Q

What should be done as the mom starts crowning?

A

support the babys head and assist with delivery.

89
Q

what is the most common cause for not having chest rise with BVM?

A

poor airway seal

90
Q

What should you be concerned about with a pediatric patient with a blank stare?

A

could be petit mal seziure (absence seizure)

91
Q

What can happen with a basilar skull fracture?

A

can result in cardiac arrest almost immediately.

92
Q

Signs and symptoms of muscular dystrophy?

A

instability, frequent falls.

93
Q

Pregnant woman with a peritoneal laceration?

A

Mom needs to go to the hospital for repair.

94
Q

First steps with unresponsive child?

A

look to ventilate and suction the child.

95
Q

What are brown secretion in the trachea a sign of?

A

meconium aspirations. need suction and intubation. sign of fetal distress.

96
Q

Pts who get tube feeding in nursing home can aspirate the food into lungs and get pneumonia if?

A

they are laid down too flat in bed.

97
Q

If a baby is crowning and a thick white membrane over the babys head is present, what should be done?

A

Amniotic sack is still intact. Gently tear with two fingers.

98
Q

If mom has delivered twins, what is something that should be considered?

A

need three ambulances if something is wrong with both kids. 3 possible patients.

99
Q

If you intubate a newborn and they are difficult to bag, what should be checked?

A

pneumothorax

100
Q

Order of operations for issues bagging intubated newborn:

A

D: displaced tube
O: obstructed tube
P: Pneumothorax
E: equipment

101
Q

dextrose concentration for babies under 1:

A

D10

102
Q

Dextrose concentration for 1-12y olds

A

d25

103
Q

Dextrose concentration for people over the age of 12?

A

D50

104
Q

How could you make D10 from D50?

A

diluting with saline at 5:1 ratio.

Paramedic Class 27 (11 decks)

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