TERRITORY Flashcards

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1
Q

What is territorial sovereignty?

A

The “right to exercise therein, to the exclusion of any other state, the functions of a State.”

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2
Q

How would a state acquire territory historically?

A

To constitute a valid title to territory, occupation was needed

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3
Q

How would territorial boundaries of former colonies be affected by the granting of independence?

A

As a matter of uti poddidetis, territorial boundaries of former colonies remain the same on the granting of independence

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4
Q

What does occupation establish?

A

Title to territory (terra nullius)

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5
Q

What was the ICJ’s advisory opinion in the Western Sahara case?

A

“territories inhabited by tribes or peoples having a social and political organisation were not regarded as terrae nullius”

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6
Q

According to Weber (island of Palmas case), what is meant by effective occupation?

A

Occupation that is open, public and involves a continuous, peaceful display of state authority over an extensive period

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7
Q

What is meant by the critical date in a territorial claim and how is a claim made superior?

A

The date in which attribution of territorial sovereignty is decisive. A superior claim arises when the state demonstrates effective title immediately preceding the critical date

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8
Q

What is meant by prescription?

A

Acquisition of title by a public, peaceful and continous control of territory

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9
Q

How can a prescription claim be barred?

A

By a formally registered diplomatic protest in the appropriate international arena

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10
Q

What is meant by conquest, what are its requirements and provide an example

A

The taking of possession of enemy territory by military force in time of war.

2 requirements: Actual taking over (factum) + Intention to take over (animus)

HISTORICAL EXAMPLE: Baleares: Conquest by Crown of Aragon, 13th Century

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11
Q

What is meant by cession? Is it affected by treaty?

A
  1. The transfer of territory by one sovereign to another.
  2. Always affected by treaty e.g peace treaty after war
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12
Q

What are the requirements of cession and provide a historical example

A

REQUIREMENTS:
1. One party must assume sovereignty and the other relinquishes it. One sovereign state is thus replaced by another;
2. The acquiring sovereign cannot possess greater rights than those possessed by its predecessor

HISTORICAL EXAMPLE: Ceuta and Melilla –> Affected by Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Spain and Morroco

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13
Q

What is meant by new states?
Provide an example

A

The attainment of independence, in accordance with the principle of self-determination.

EXAMPLE: South Sudan (2011)

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