KIDNEY

Question 1

dumbbell or envelope shape crystals

Answer 1

calcium oxalate (diet changes or too much oxalate)

Question 2

coffin (ammonium, mg, Phosphate)

*^^^ urine pH

Answer 2

Struvite stones

Question 3

hexagonal shape stones
**POS CYANIDE NITROPRUS TEST

**HARD TO VISUALIZE SO YOU PERFORM THIS TEST TO SEE IT

Answer 3

cystine stones

Question 4

rhomboid/rosetts shape

Answer 4

uric acid

Question 5

wedge shaped prism stones

Answer 5

calcium phosphate

Question 6

urinalysis: fatty casts

Answer 6

nephrotic syndromes

Question 7

urinalysis: granular (muddy brown) casts

Answer 7

Acute Tubular Necrosis

Question 8

urinalysis: Hyaline casts

Answer 8

nonspecific, may be a normal finding

Question 9

urinalysis: needle shaped crystals

Answer 9

crystalline nephropathy (IV acyclovir causes this)

Question 10

urinalysis: RBC casts

Answer 10

Glomerulonephritis (esp nephritic diseases)

Question 11

urinalysis: waxy casts

Answer 11

ESRD (esp patients on dialysis)

Question 12

urinalysis: WBC casts

Answer 12

Acute pyelonephritis
transplant rejection
tubulointestinal inflammation