EMBRYO/FETAL/SEX HORMONES

Question 1

-UNILAT/BILAT adnexal cyst
-recent hx of pregnancy
-super elevated hCG post pregnancy

Answer 1

Theca lutein cysts

Question 2

-AKA fibroid
-benign neoplasm of smooth muscle origin arising from uterus
-estrogen sens, inc in size with preg

Answer 2

Leiomyoma

Question 3

-sex cord stromal tumor
-assoc w Meigs syndrome: triad of this, ascites, pleural effusion
-removal of this will eliminate ascites and pleural effusion

Answer 3

Ovarian fibroma

Question 4

B-hCG is produced by

Answer 4

syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta

Question 5

what attaches the embryonic chorion to the maternal endometrium

Answer 5

cytotrophoblast of the placenta

Question 6

what is the outer membrane covering the fetus that joins the amniotic structures to form amniotic sac

*develops villi that invades uterine decide to supply blood to fetus

Answer 6

Chorion

Question 7

Precocious puberty, girls <8 years old (breast size increase, axillary/pubic hair development)
-hx of bone fractures, cafe au lait spots (hyper pigmented macules with irregular contours)
-GNAS gene mutation
-GnRH dependent INCREASE in FSH/LH
-INCREASED production of pituitary hormones

Answer 7

Mccune Albright Syndrome

**be careful, the other syndrome associated with cafe au lait is NF 1 (AD NF1 gene mutation on chromosome 17, with lisch nodules (pigmented iris hamartomas), gliomas, seizures, pheochromocytoma) NOT puberty probs

Question 8

a tumor where can result in increased androgens and premature adrenarche (pubic/axillary hair, acne, body odor) NOT increased breast size

Answer 8

Zona reticularis tumor in adrenal cortex

Question 9

what tumor is associated with increased estrogen production, precocious puberty, or postmenopausal bleeding

Answer 9

Granulosa cell tumors of ovary

Question 10

“baby has expiratory grunting, nasal flaring, chest wall retractions, cyanosis, tachypnea IMMEDIATELY OR SHORTLY AFTER BIRTH”
CHEST XRAY SHOWS: low lung volumes, diffuse/ fine/ reticulogranular “ground glass” infiltrates

cyanosis/impaired gas exchange/hypoxemia
pulmonary vasoconstriction, pulmonary hypertension
INCREASED alveolar surface tension
INCREASED A-a gradient
V/Q mismatch
DECREASED lung compliance

Answer 10

Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome

**CAUSED BY SURFACTANT DEFICIENCY

(risk factors include maternal diabetes and C sections)
ADE: PNEUMOTHORAX do to decreased lung compliance

Question 11

exposure to DES (diethylstilbestrol) in utero, is most significant risk factor for developing:

Answer 11

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina

Question 12

HPV infection leads to increased risk of developing

Answer 12

squamous cell carcinoma of vagina

Question 13

endometrial hyperplasia is a risk factor for developing

Answer 13

endometrial carcinoma