Some Leftovers

Question 1

Temperature Adaptations

Answer 1

Thermal insulation, Chemical Reactions, Movements

Question 2

Solute/Water Balance

Answer 2

Osmosis and diffusion

Question 3

Adaptations to Solute/Water Balance

Answer 3

Osmoregulation

Question 4

Hyperosmotic

Answer 4

Freshwater taxa (kidneys eliminate excess water and retain most solutes)

Question 5

Hypoosmotic

Answer 5

Saltwater taxa (kidneys conserve water and excrete most solutes)

Question 6

Adaptations for Oxygen

Answer 6

Air breathing, Oxygen from water with countercurrent circulation, Increased hemoglobin and low rates of activity

Question 7

Air Breathers

Answer 7

Marine mammals, marine reptiles, seabirds, amphibious fish

Question 8

Depth and Pressure Adaptations

Answer 8

Deep-sea animals lack air sacs, deep diving animals can collapse lungs

Question 9

Capacity to Carry Oxygen

Answer 9

Increased volume of arteries and veins, storage of oxygen tied to myoglobin in muscles and high concentrations of other globins in brain tissue to prevent hypoxia, increased red blood cell concentration, decreased heartbeat and oxygen consumption rate, restriction of peripheral circulation to limbs, NOT larger lung capacity which would be dangerous

Question 10

Pelagic Organisms

Answer 10

Live within the water column

Question 11

Benthic Organisms

Answer 11

On the bed of the water body

Question 12

Epifauna

Answer 12

Attached to or living on the bottom

Question 13

Infauna

Answer 13

Burrow into soft sediments or live in spaces between sediment particles

Question 14

Neuston

Answer 14

Organisms associated with the water surface, like mites and springtails

Question 15

Fringing Communities

Answer 15

Floral communities where the water is shallow enough for plentiful light to reach the bottom

Question 16

Grazer-Scrapers

Answer 16

Feed upon attached algae

Question 17

Shredders

Answer 17

Eat CPOM

Question 18

Collectors

Answer 18

Feed upon FPOM

Question 19

Collector-Filterers

Answer 19

Remove food from the water column

Question 20

Collector-Gatherers

Answer 20

Pick food off the river bed

Question 21

Homeothermic

Answer 21

An organism that maintains its body temperature at a constant level, usually above that of the environment, by its metabolic activity, e.g. cetaceans

Question 22

Pinnipeds

Answer 22

Have hair and lack subdermal fat, yet are streamlined and expert swimmers

Question 23

Sirenia

Answer 23

Manatees, dugongs, and sea cows // Hairless and usually herbivorous

Question 24

Types of Phenotypic Plasticity

Answer 24

Developmental plasticity and acclimation

Question 25

Developmental plasticity

Answer 25

Irreversible changes due to growth conditions that lead to different patterns of biomass allocation

Question 26

Acclimation

Answer 26

Reversible phenotypic changes in an individual in response to changing environmental conditions

Question 27

Parsimony Criterion

Answer 27

The simplest hypothesis is the answer, and you should look to the more basic/simple answers

Question 28

Secondary Homoplasy

Answer 28

Another term for evolutionary convergence

Question 29

Monophyletic

Answer 29

All the descendants of a common ancestor

Question 30

Paraphyletic

Answer 30

A grouping that does not include some of an ancestor’s descendants

Question 31

Polyphyletic

Answer 31

A grouping that mixes phylogeny with ecology and mixes distinct taxa

Question 32

Shared Derived Characters

Answer 32

Synamorphies

Question 33

Shared primitive characters

Answer 33

Symplesiomorphies

Question 34

Limnology

Answer 34

The scientific study of continental waters

Question 35

Global Water Budget

Answer 35

The estimated amount of water movement (fluxes) among compartments (the amount of water that occurs in each area or form)

Question 36

What is the habitat with the greatest value per unit area?

Answer 36

Freshwater ecosystems

Question 37

Interception

Answer 37

Water that is intercepted by vegetation, dead organic matter on the ground, and urban structures and streets is evaporated back into the atmosphere

Question 38

High Specific Heat

Answer 38

Water has HSH which helps in its regulating abilities of temperature

Question 39

At what temperature does water reach its maximum density

Answer 39

4 degrees Celsius

Question 40

Epilimnion

Answer 40

The upper layer of warm, lighter, less dense water

Question 41

Hypolimnion

Answer 41

The deeper layer of cold, denser water

Question 42

Where freshwater meets saltwater

Answer 42

Estuaries