Conservation/Mitigation Efforts

Question 1

Types of Methodologies (to mitigate ecosystem impact)

Answer 1

Conservation // Management // Policy making // Monitoring // Restoration

Question 2

Conservation

Answer 2

More theoretical, less concerned with economic impacts, meant to develop ways to prevent species extinction

Question 3

Techniques of Conservation

Answer 3

Using alternative resources, establishing protected areas, protecting biodiversity, hunting/fishing restrictions, and restoration ecology

Question 4

Ecosystem Management

Answer 4

Based on ecology and social sciences, meant to balance ecological resilience with social flexibility // Clear technological and data-driven solutions

Question 5

Steps of Ecosystem Management

Answer 5

Put together data and facts, define area to manage, identify goals of all groups involved, develop a management plan, implement the plan, re-evaluate ecological and social conditions to make necessary adjustments

Question 6

Marine Protected Area (MPA)

Answer 6

Section of ocean with limits placed on human activity

Question 7

No-Take Areas (NTA)

Answer 7

Fishing and other human activities are prohibited

Question 8

Paris Agreement

Answer 8

International commitment to curb carbon emissions

Question 9

International Whaling Commission

Answer 9

Agreement to curb whaling activities

Question 10

United States’ Policies

Answer 10

Clean Water Act, Coastal Zone Management Act, Marine Mammal Protection Act

Question 11

Ecosystem Monitoring

Answer 11

Checking the health of an ecosystem, often through systematic, repeated measures // Helps in understanding and preventing the impacts of disturbances

Question 12

Types of Ecosystem Monitoring

Answer 12

Targeted (focuses on specific areas/subjects) // Surveillance (focuses in magnitude and direction of change) // Landscape (focuses on change at large spatial scales)

Question 13

Restoration Ecology

Answer 13

Returning an ecosystem to its pre-disturbance condition through human intervention, and by either reintroducing a native species or restoring/cleaning up habitats

Question 14

Restoration of Biodiversity

Answer 14

Since genetic diversity is key to the survival of a species, this involves breeding programs and farms to increase biodiversity

Question 15

Different Forms of Ecosystem Intervention

Answer 15

Restoration (bringing an ecosystem back to original state) // Rehabilitation (aiming for partial recovery) // Reclamation (improving structure/function in a new state)

Question 16

Sustainable Development

Answer 16

Requires that the needs of future generations are not compromised by the actions of people today

Question 17

Preservation

Answer 17

Contrasted to conservation, in that it focuses on the protection of species and habitats without reference to natural change and human requirements

Question 18

Ecosystem Approach

Answer 18

The integrated management of human activities, based on knowledge of ecosystem dynamics, to achieve sustainable use of ecosystem goods and services, and maintenance of ecosystem integrity

Question 19

Environmental Impact Assessment

Answer 19

EIA, aims to predict the impacts of development and to mitigate or avoid those impacts that are unsustainable // FISHERIES ARE USUALLY EXEMPT

Question 20

Ecolabeling

Answer 20

Functions on the premise that what we buy in the supermarket may influence the behavior of fishers and other users of the marine environment

Question 21

what is the situation with the Hudson River Estuary

Answer 21

it is a superfund site designated the 2nd most endangered river in the US, there was an EPA ruling to force General Electric to clean up, and they are currently monitoring how fixing the benthic area is going

Question 22

what is the hudson river

Answer 22

watershed of around 34,000 km2, river origin at Lake Tear of the Clouds in the Adirondacks, in NY, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, NJ

Question 23

what is the hudson river estuary

Answer 23

lower hudson, partially mixed estuary, mix of tidal marshes, wooded swamps, mud flats, and wetlands