Main Steam Flashcards

1
Q

What components & systems does main steam provide steam to ?

A

-HP turbine
-MSRs
-MFWP Turbines
-Steam seal system for Main Turbine & FW Pump Turbines
-Aux. FW Pump Turbine
-Aux. Steam system

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2
Q

What does Main Steam provide during startup, shutdown& abnormal, or emergency operations?

A

Provides means of dissipating heat generated from Nuclear Steam Supply Systems(NSSS) to either condenser or atmosphere

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3
Q

What is provided for cooldown of SG when condenser isn’t available ?

A

ADVS are provided for when the condenser isn’t available

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4
Q

What happens to RCS, if SG loses ability to remove heat from RCS ? What happens if it’s an extended loss of SG ability to remove heat ?

A

-Result in High Pressure & Temperature in RCS, which could lead to reactor trip
-Extended loss could result in core damage due to inability to lose decay heat

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5
Q

What could happen on a loss of FW to the SG ?

A

Results in inability to cool RCS, which could lead to plant trip due to low SG Water levels or High Pressure

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6
Q

What does the Steam Bypass Control system control ?

A

Employs 8 Steam Bypass Control Valves to control heat removal from SG during normal & abnormal operations

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7
Q

What does the Steam Bypass Control System(SBCS) control during startup ?

A

SBCS controls Main Steam Pressure either automatically or manually by adjusting bypass valves as needed to maintain steam header pressure

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8
Q

What happens on a loss of SBCS during startup,post trip, or whenever it’s controlling steam pressure ?

A

Results in high steam pressure & if not corrected by ADVs,Turbine Load, or Reactor Power Cutback could result in reactor trip

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9
Q

What’re Nitrogen accumulators used for ?

A

-Used for backup supply to ADVS,Downcomer FWIV, & Downcomer FW Control valves,
-Used to SG for blanketing during shutdown

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10
Q

What happens on a extended loss of nitrogen ?

A

Won’t affect valve operation because of accumulator, but if accumulators runs out while supplying them valves could shut
N2 IS ONLY USED ON A LOSS OF IA

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11
Q

What’re the SG Downcomer Valve Upstream Block Valves used for ?

A

Provided for remote isolation of the Downcomer Control Valves

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12
Q

How are the Downcomer Block Valves operated? What is the normal position of them ?

A

-Motor operated operated by handswitch in Control Room
-Downcomer Block Valve are normally opened gate valves

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13
Q

What’re the FW Downcomer Control valves normally controlled by ? Where is another alternate way they can be controlled by ?

A

-Normally controlled automatically by Digital Feed water Control System
-Alternately can be controlled by operator in Control Room

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14
Q

What position do the Feedwater Downcomer Control Valves fail in on loss of air or power to solenoid ?

A

They fail in the as-is position, on loss of air or power to solenoid

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15
Q

What is the flow percentage passing through Feedwater Downcomer Control Valves during Low Power operation ?

A

100% of flow is passing through Downcomer Control Valves

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16
Q

Why during low power operation does 100% of Feedwater flow pass through Downcomer Control Valves ?

A

Supplied sufficient preheating for incoming feedwater at lower power

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17
Q

What percentage of power do the Feedwater Downcomer Control Valves throttle close ?

A

At 15% power & increasing, the Downcomer Control Valves will throttle close

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18
Q

When Downcomer Control valves are throttled closed at 15%, what valve is throttled OPEN at 15% power?

A

Economizer Control Valves are throttled open sending ALL FW through Economizer lines

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19
Q

What is it called when the Downcomer Control Valves are closed at 15% power, & the Economizer Control Valve is opened at 15% power ?

A

It’s called “Feedwater Swapover”

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20
Q

What happens to the Downcomer Control Valves at 50% power ?

A

-Downcomer Control Valves are throttled set position to supply 10% of feed flow
-Between 50%-100% power

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21
Q

What does throttling the Downcomer Control Valve to 10% when at 50% power provide for the system ?

A

Provides sub cooling for Recirc water& promotes increased Recirc ratio in S/G

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22
Q

How are the Downcomer Control Valve Bypass Valves operated? What position are they normally in ?

A

-Motor operated valves operated from control room & is normally closed

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23
Q

When & why are the Downcomer Control bypass valves used ?

A

Used in Mode 3 to control SG water level being supplied by
Non-Essential Aux FW Pump (AFN-P01

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24
Q

How does the Downcomer Control Valve Bypass Valves switch in the Control Room work ? What position does the valve in ?

A

-Three position switch is used to either jog the valve close or open
-Valve fails as-is on loss of power

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25
Q

What’re the events that the Downcomer FW Isolation Valves are supposed to close on ?

A

Isolated FW from SG in event of steam line break,FW line break, or LOCA

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26
Q

How fast are Downcomer FW Isolation Valves supposed to close following a MSIS? Why do they need to close this fast

A

Within 9.6 seconds to:
-Control Radiation release in case of LOCA
-Prevent Containment overpressure
-Prevent overcooling the primary system

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27
Q

How many Downcomer FW Isolation Valves are there ?

A

There are 2 valves in series on each Downcomer line one is ‘A’ Train & other is ‘B’ Train

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28
Q

What’re the Downcomer FWIVS normal position ? What’re they operated by ?

A

-Normally opened
-Operated by Pilot Solenoid valves to open, spring loaded to close
-Operated from control room

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29
Q

When you take the Downcomer FWIVS hand switch in the control room to “OPEN” what happens ?

A

-Instrument air supplied to overcome spring actuated valve
-Which will align high pressure nitrogen reduced down to 240psig
-240psig nitrogen goes to bottom of valve actuator will overcome spring force to open Downcomer FWIV

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30
Q

What happens when Downcomer FWIV hand switch is taken to “close” in control room or when it receives MSIS?

A

-Nitrogen is ported off & springs will rapidly close valve

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31
Q

What happens to Downcomer FWIV on a loss of power& IA or Nitrogen ? Can they be manually operated ?

A

-Loss of DC Control power, will fail open Downcomer FWIV
-Loss of IA or HP Nitrogen, valves will eventually fail closed
-Provided with manual operators

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32
Q

During normal operation of Downcomer FW Isolation Valve,what two systems are used in conjunction with each other to operate the valve ?

A

IA used with HP Nitrogen to operate Downcomer FWIV by overcoming spring force holding valves closed

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33
Q

What is the SGN-X02 Accumulator used for during a Loss of Offsite power which causes loss of Nitrogen ?

A

Dedicated backup source for HP Nitrogen to provide control & operating pressure to operate Downcomer FW Regulating & Isolation Valves

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34
Q

How does Downcomer FWIV support “N” Aux. Feed Pump ?

A

Supports its in it backup capability for safety related Aux FW Trains during LOOP by opening to provide N-train flow path

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35
Q

How long can the Accumulator supply nitrogen for ?

A

Sized for a minimum of 12hr supply

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36
Q

If you lose IA then you lose the ability to align HP nitrogen to the Downcomer FWIV to open. What is used as a backup to IA to be able align HP Nitrogen to Downcomer FWIV

A

Nitrogen from HP header will serves as a backup to the pneumatic control signal via check valve at 95psig

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37
Q

What’s the Economizer FW control valves used for ?

A

Control flow to SG in conjunction with Downcomer FW Control Valves & Digital FW Control system

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38
Q

What do the SG Economizer Line Stop Valves do?

A

Allows remote isolation of the Economizer FW Line

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39
Q

Where are the Economizer Stop Valves operated by? What’re they powered by?

A

They’re operated in the control room & powered by non-class MCC

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40
Q

What’re the Economizer Control Valves used for ?

A

They control FW to the Economizer section of SG

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41
Q

What happens in the Economizer section of the SG ?

A

Incoming water mixes with water already in cold leg half to preheat the incoming FW to saturation temp.

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42
Q

Why is the Economizer line not used during low power operation ?

A

Not used due to insufficient preheating of Feedwater

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43
Q

Where are the Economizer Control Valves controlled from ?

A

-Normally controlled by Digital FW Control System
-Can be manually controlled by operators in control room

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44
Q

When are the Economizer FW Isolation Valves supposed to isolate FW from the SG ?

A

In event of Steam Line Break, Feedwater Line Break, or LOCA

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45
Q

How fast are the Economizer FWIV supposed to close ? Why’re they supposed to close fast ?

A

Supposed to close in 9.6seconds to:
-Control radiation release in case LOCA
-Prevent Containment overpressure
-Prevent overcooling primary system

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46
Q

What Independent system operates the Economizer FWIV ?

A

Hydraulic Supply System

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47
Q

Where does the Hydraulic pump take suction from & discharge to for Economizer FWIV Hydraulic system ?

A

Takes suction from oil reservoir & discharges to both accumulators

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48
Q

How is accumulators pressure maintained in the Economizer FWIV Hydraulic system?

A

Automatically maintained by pressure based on Instrument Air Control Signal

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49
Q

What’re the accumulators pressurized with in the Economizer FWIV Hydraulic system?

A

-Pre-Pressurized Nitrogen to 3000-3400psig
-Hydraulic pump is used to pump oil from reservoir to accumulator to raise combined nitrogen/oil pressure to 5000-5400psig
-5000PSIG REMEMBER THIS NUMBER !!

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50
Q

What is the 4 way hydraulic valve used for in the Economizer FWIV Hydraulic system? How is operated ?

A

Instrument air aligns 4 way valve to allow hydraulic pressure to top or bottom of valve actuator to either close or open the FWIV

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51
Q

What is the one air reservoir used for in the Economizer FWIV Hydraulic system?

A

-Used as backup source of air to operate 4way hydraulic control valve on loss of IA
-This ensures Economizer FWIV can be closed following loss of offsite power

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52
Q

What position will the Economizer FWIV fail in ?

A

They fail as-is and still be capable of fast closing

53
Q

Where are the Economizer FWIV solenoid operated air control valves powered from ? What happens on a loss of power to the solenoids ?

A

-Powered from PK’A’ & PK’B’
-Loss of power to solenoids Economizer FWIV will fail closed

54
Q

What control hand switch’s are in control room to operate Economizer FWIVS ?

A

The following ways to operate valve from control room are:
-Slow Open
-Slow Close
-Fast Close
-Test/Exercise

55
Q

What is the tech spec minimum for the Economizer FWIV Hydraulic system accumulators ?

A

5000psig

56
Q

What will make accumulators pressure fluctuate in the Economizer FWIV Hydraulic system?

A

Temperature fluctuations throughout day & wind conditions will cause pressure fluctuations in accumulators

57
Q

What must be done if Economizer FWIV Hydraulic system accumulator pressure is dropping close to 5000 psig limit ?

A

-Control Room sends AO to raise pressure by adjusting 1of2 pneumatic pressure regulators at the valve to operate hydraulic pump
-Pump operated to raise pressure in both accumulators

58
Q

When are the Thermal relief valves supposed to open & close on the Economizer FWIV Hydraulic system Accumulators ? Why’re they permanently isolated ?

A

-Supposed to open at 5400psig & close at 250-350psig

-They’re isolated from use due to them not reseating properly & being unreliable

59
Q

Instead of thermal relief valve what is preferred to be used to relief pressure in accumulator when it reaches 5400psig?

A

There is a FWIV Hydraulic Relief Bypass Valve that is throttled open to lower pressure in both accumulators

60
Q

During slow open/ close operation of the Economizer FWIV how does the Economizer FWIV Hydraulic system operate ?

A

-Solenoid valves will operate to align 4 way hydraulic control valve to isolate the Accumulators
-Once accumulators are isolated hydraulic pump will pressurize appropriate side of actuator to either OPEN or CLOSE valve

61
Q

How is a fast close signal generated for the Economizer FWIV?

A

-Fast close generated by hand switch in control room or MSIS

62
Q

How does fast close operation of the valve Economizer FWIV work ?

A

-Solenoid air control valve will align 4 way hydraulic control valve
-4 way Hydraulic Control Valve will line up accumulators to top of valve actuator

63
Q

Why’re the pre charged nitrogen accumulators used for the Economizer FWIV “Fast Close” operation ?

A

The Nitrogen Accumulators act as driving force for hydraulic oil to close valve within 9.6 seconds

64
Q

What is the primary chamber in the SG?

A

-Bottom of SG
-RCS pressure boundary
-Directs RC flow through SG

65
Q

What does the Stay Tube in primary chamber of the SG do ?

A

Stay tube separates primary chamber inlet & outlet plenums

66
Q

How many inlet & outlet nozzles are there in the primary chamber ?

A

One inlet nozzle and two outlet nozzles

67
Q

What does 10% design margin mean for the SG Tubes ?

A

Means 10% of tubes in SG could be plugged without affecting steam pressure on secondary side

68
Q

What does secondary side shell form?

A

-Forms pressure boundary between SG secondary side
-Containment atmosphere & contains SG internals

69
Q

What is the secondary side shell constructed of ?

A

-Lower & intermediate shell
-Transition Cone
-Steam Drum
-Head

70
Q

What is the Lower & Intermediate shell surround ?

A

Surrounds SG evaporator & Economizer sections

71
Q

What is the Secondary Shel Transition Cone surround?

A

-Transition come surrounds SG evaporator section
-provides changes in diameter from intermediate shell to steam drum

72
Q

What is the Head ? What does it provide ?

A

-Head is the top of the SG
-Provides with two main steam outlet nozzles connected to each Main Steam line

73
Q

What do the Main Steam Outlet Nozzles have to protect against steam line break ?

A

Includes integral flow orifice which limits steam flow in event of steam line break

74
Q

What does the Downcomer Feedwater Ring do ?

A

Distributes FW entering SG from the Downcomer Feedwater nozzle

75
Q

When FW entered feed ring & directed to top of Downcomer region what does it mix with ?

A

-Combines with moisture separated from steam-water mixture & drains to Downcomer annulus

76
Q

Why is the feed ring distributing water all around Downcomer region important ?

A

Limits tube steam space by putting relatively cold water FW into Thot tube region of SG

77
Q

Why is Feedwater added through feed ring during emergency conditions ?

A

Prevents thermally shocking the U-Tubes

78
Q

What does the Economizer do ?

A

Increases SG efficiency by preheating incoming Feedwater before it enters evaporator section

79
Q

What is the wrapper plate in the SG do ?

A

Divided SG Downcomer & evaporator sections

80
Q

What’re the Moisture Separators in the SG used for ?

A

Moisture Separators remove water from steam-water mixture leaving SG Evaporator section

81
Q

How do the Moisture Separators work ?

A

-Have spinner blades using centrifugal force to separate heavier water droplets from steam

82
Q

What’re steam dryers used for in the SG ?

A

They’re above Moisture Separators for additional moisture removal before leaving SG

83
Q

How do the Steam Dryers remove moisture from the steam ?

A

Sends steam through a tortuous path removes moisture

84
Q

When the water drains from Steam Dryers where does it collect? What is the water called that is removed by the moisture separators & Steam Dryers ?

A

-Drains to moisture separator support plate where it joins with water removed from moisture separators & Downcomer Feedwater
-It’s called recirculating water

85
Q

What is the steam quality when leaving the steam dryers in the SG ?

A

Quality of approx. 99.9% less than .1%moisture

86
Q

What are the Main Steam Safety Valves(MSSVs) supposed to do ?

A

Limit secondary system pressure <110% of design pressure when passing 100% design steam flow

87
Q

How many MSSVs does each main steam line have ?

A

There is 5 MSSVs to each main steam line

88
Q

How is the MSSVs relieving capacity work ?

A

-Relief capacity is divided equally between main steam lines
-Sufficient to pass greater than 100% steam flow

89
Q

How do the MSSVs open to prevent overcooling RCS ?

A

-Open sequentially to minimize number of valve opening during over pressure condition
-Also REDUCES chance of safety valve sticking open, overcooling the RCS

90
Q

What’re the drain lines used for on the MSSVs ?

A

Provided to remove moisture from relief chambers & outlet safety valves

91
Q

How are the MSSVs held closed ? How are the MSSIV opened ?

A

-Held close by spring force
-Pressure increases to valve setpoint, then leakage has pressure buildup in huddle chamber which will rapidly open valve

92
Q

Why is it desirable for MSSVs to open rapidly ? How far does it open when setpoint is reached ?

A

-Minimizes seat damage
-valves opens to full open where lift stop contacts cover plate

93
Q

What’re the pressure relief setpoint of the MSSV?

A

1st: 1250psig
2nd: 1290psig
Last 3: 1315psig

94
Q

How many ADVs are on each Main Steam Line?

A

There is one ADV on each Main Steam Line

95
Q

When are ADVs used ?

A

Used to remove heat from RCS when Main Condenser or SBCS isn’t available

96
Q

What is normally source used to operated ADVs ? What is backup source to operate the ADVS ?

A

-ADVs are air operated
-Backup nitrogen from a nitrogen accumulator below each ADV

97
Q

Where can the ADVs be operated from ?

A

-Can be operated from control room
-Manually operated at the valve

98
Q

What is the ADV design basis capacity ?

A

Adequate nitrogen for operation of single ADV during:
-Natural Circulation cooldown event
-Station Blackout

99
Q

When is the ADV Block Valve supposed to be used ?

A

-Block valve will isolate ADV & only used for maintnence purposes
-DON’T use block valve if ADV is stuck open will damage block valve

100
Q

What happens to ADV on loss of power & loss of ALL pneumatic pressure?

A
  • Valve will fail closed
101
Q

What’re the of the ‘A’ Aux. Feed Pump steam supply valves supposed to do ?

A

Provides ‘A’ Aux Feed Pump with steam

102
Q

When do the ‘A’ Aux. Steam Valves supposed to open?

A

-Aux. Feed water Actuation signal(AFAS)
-Hand switch

103
Q

Which SG supplies the ‘A’ Aux Feed Supply Valves ?

A

Both SG supply the AFA Feed Pump Turbine

104
Q

What kind of valves are used for the AFA Supply Valves ?

A

-Electrically operated 6” gate valve
-Electrically operated 1” globe valve that is used to bypass the gate valve

105
Q

When AFA steam supply valves receive an open signal what happens ?

A

-Bypass valve will open first 30sec to provide steam to spin AFA pump -Turbine to gain speed to cause Governor oil pressure to increase

106
Q

What does the Governor oil pressure cause ?

A

Causes Governor actuator controlled steam admission valve to start closing before main steam supply valves open

107
Q

Why is it important for governor actuator controlled steam admission valve to start closing before main steam supply valves open ?

A

Prevents initial admission of full steam to turbine, prevent overspeed of AFA Feed Pump Turbine

108
Q

What happens after the AFA feed pump steam supply valve bypass valve is opened for 30 seconds ?

A

6” gate valve opens to provide steam to bring turbine to full speed & provide FW to SGs

109
Q

Do both sets of AFA Steam Supply Valves open on a AFAS ?

A

Yes both both sets of valves will open, regardless of which SG has low level

110
Q

Where are the AFA Feed Pump Turbine steam supply valves powered from ?

A

Powered from PKA-M41

111
Q

How do the AFA Feed Pump Turbine Supply Steam Valves close?

A

-No auto closure, valves must manually be closed from control room
-No 30 seconds delay, all steam supply valves will immediately close

112
Q

Where can main steam supply valves be operated from besides from the Main Control Room ?

A

Can be operated from Remote Shutdown Panel by two position switch

113
Q

What’re the Main Steam Isolation Valves used for ?

A

Used to automatically isolate each main steam line when a MSIS is generated

114
Q

What generates a MSIS ?

A

-SG Pressure Low
-SG Level High
-Containment Pressure High

115
Q

What does the MSIV hydraulic supply system for each MSIV ?

A

-One oil reservoir (Both Trains)
-One Hydraulic Pump(Both Train
-Two air reservoir tanks(one per train)
-Two Nitrogen/Oil Accumulators(One per Train)
-Solenoid operated air control valve for each train
-4 way hydraulic Control Valves for each train

116
Q

What’re the MSIV bypass valves used for ?

A

-Warms up downstream piping of MSIV
-Pressure equalization across MSIV to allow them to be opened
-Emergency operations of Main Feed Pump after MSIS

117
Q

How many MSIV Bypass Valves are there for each SG?

A

One for each SG

118
Q

What will close the MSIV Bypass Valves?

A

-MSIS
-Loss of power will fail close
-Loss of air will fail close

119
Q

What do the Steam Bypass Control Valves do ?

A

Promise removal of heat from RCS by provides flow path to Main Condenser or to atmosphere

120
Q

When is the Steam Bypass Control Valves available ?

A

-During all modes of operation when RCS can produce steam in SG
-Mode 1-4

121
Q

How many Steam Bypass Control Valves are there ? What is the capacity of them as a group ?

A

-8 steam bypass control valves
-Can pass 100% of steam from SG

122
Q

How do the Steam Bypass Control Valves work during normal operation ?

A

-Operated in Remote Automatic Mode with SBCVs closed

123
Q

How does the SBCVs work during abnormal operations ?

A

Load rejection from main generator will open valves to maintain RCS temperature

124
Q

How do the SBCVs operated during plant startup,cooldowns, or other times ?

A

-SBCVs may be operated in Local Auto,or manual on master controller
-Manual on individual valve controllers
-Local manual with AO controlling valve to control heat balance of plant

125
Q

Where are the SBCS operated from ?

A

Normally operated from control room

126
Q

Where are the Downcomer,Hot,& Cold Leg Blowdown Isolation Valves operated from ?

A

-Normally operated from in Control Room
-Can be operated manually if necessary

127
Q

When will the Combined Blowdown Line Containment Isolation Valves close?

A

Upon a MSIS, AFAS, & SIAS

128
Q

Where are the Blowdown Isolation Valves operated from ?

A

Operated from control room