LESSON 2: PHASMIDS

Question 1

It has a cylindrical body and a cuticle with three name outer layers which is made up of collagen and other collagen that is secreted by the epidermis

Answer 1

Enterobius vermicularis

Question 2

Enterobius vermicularis:
It has a ________ and a _____ with three name outer layers which is made up of ______ and other collagen that is secreted by the _______

Answer 2

cylindrical body
cuticle
epidermis

Question 3

It has a synonym of Oxyuris vermicularis

Answer 3

Enterobius vermicularis

Question 4

What is the synonym of E. vermicularis?

Answer 4

Oxyuris vermicularis

Question 5

What is the common name of E. vermicularis?

Answer 5

Pinworm
Seatworm

Question 6

Enterobius vermicularis:

1) Main habitat: _______ and _______

2) Definitive host: _______

3) Reservoir host: _______ and _______

4) Infective stage: _______ egg

5) The worms will usually mold _______
a. First _______ hatching
b. Before their _______ stage

Answer 6

1) Main habitat: cecum and appendix

2) Definitive host: man

3) Reservoir host: dogs and cats

4) Infective stage: embryonated egg

5) The worms will usually mold 4 times.
a. First 2 before hatching
b. Before their adult stage

Question 7

Enterobius vermicularis: OVA

1) __________ chorionic shell, __________ __________; elongated and ovoidal with __________

2) With__________ layer and __________

3) Embryonated when laid at the __________

4) Remain viable up to __________ days, rarely seen in the __________

5) Embryonates within __________

Answer 7

1) Double lined chorionic shell, transparent and colorless; elongated and ovoidal with one side flattened

2) With inner embryonated layer and outer albuminous shell

3) Embryonated when laid at the perianal area

4) Remain viable up to 13 days, rarely seen in the stool

5) Embryonates within 4-6 hours

Question 8

What parasite has the “D appearance” ova?

Answer 8

Enterobius vermicularis

Question 9

Enterobius vermicularis: OVA
1) 2 main layers (and additional ___ layers; which makes it ___ layers):

a. ______ embryonated portion
- _______ layer
- 3 middle layers (known as ______________)

b. ___________________________ shell
- ___________ membrane (coats the egg)

Answer 9

1) 2 main layers (and additional 3 layers; which makes it 5 layers):

a. Inner embryonated portion
- Lipoidal layer
- 3 middle layers (known as membrana lucida)

b. Outer transparent albuminous shell
- Albuminous membrane (coats the egg)

Question 10

This membrane coats the egg

Answer 10

Albuminous membrane

Question 11

Enterobius vermicularis: OVA
1) The typical Enterobius vermicularis egg measures ___ to ____ µm in length by ___ to ___ µm in width (book)
- According to Jaleh, what is the measurement?

2) From the initial ___ layers, there are ___ layers added

3) Larvae will differ from the adults only in that they are _______ and ______

4) Lays how many eggs?

Answer 11

1) The typical Enterobius vermicularis egg measures 48 to 60 µm in length by 20 to 35 µm in width (book)
-50 – 60 mm x 20 – 30 mm (Jaleh)

2) From the initial 2 layers, there are 3 layers added
3) Larvae will differ from the adults only in that they are smaller and coiled
4) Lays 4,672 to 16,888 eggs

Question 12

Enterobius vermicularis: ADULT
1) Small, ______-shaped, relatively _____ with dorsoventral _____-like expansions of cuticle called the “_________”or ”___________”

2) Have and _______ shaped esophagus

3) The cuticle layer of the E. vermicularis protects it so that it can invade the ______ tract of an animal

4) Have an _____ end and ____ lips, hour glass shaped esophagus

Answer 12

1) Small, spindle-shaped, relatively stout with dorsoventral bladder-like expansions of cuticle called the “cephalic alae”/”lateral wings”

2) Have and hour glass shaped esophagus

3) The cuticle layer of the E. vermicularis protects it so that it can invade the digestive tract of an animal

4) Have an oral end and three lips, hour glass shaped esophagus

Question 13

This adult parasite have an hour glass shaped esophagus

Answer 13

E. vermicularis

Question 14

Enterobius vermicularis: MALE
2-5 mm long, _______ pointed tail
which is used for ______, spicule is ______

Answer 14

strongly curved
copulation
conspicuous

Question 15

Enterobius vermicularis: MALE OR FEMALE
2-5 mm long, strongly curved pointed tail
which is used for copulation, spicule is conspicuous

Answer 15

MALE

Question 16

Enterobius vermicularis: FEMALE
1) ____ mm in length by ____ mm

2)posterior end is _________

3) vulva found in the ____________ ; paired ______ organs

4) The ________ tail it is how the E. vermicularis received its common name “_________”

5) The uterus will ________ when filled with
eggs

6) Females are also distinguishing by their
alae or ________ appendages which is
located in the _________________ of the
body wall

Answer 16

1) 8-13 mm in length by 0.4 mm

2)posterior end is sharply pointed

3) vulva found in the middle third; paired genital organs

4) The pin shape tail it is how the E. vermicularis received its common name “Pinworm”

5) The uterus will distend when filled with
eggs

6) Females are also distinguishing by their
alae or wing like appendages which is
located in the posterior expansion of the
body wall

Question 17

Enterobius vermicularis: TRUE OR FLASE
Both male and female adult E. vermicularis have 2
Lips Surrounding the circular mouth

Answer 17

FALSE
Dapat 3 lips

Question 18

What are the diseases caused by Enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 18

Enterobiasis, Oxyuriasis

Question 19

It is the common MOT of Enterobius vermicularis among children

Answer 19

thumb sucking

Question 20

Mode of Transmission: Enterobius vermicularis
1) By _____ to _____ via contaminated _____ and _____

2) The child somehow ingest the egg probably due to the _____ or _____ of the children

3) The juvenile will hatch in __________; and the adults will migrate to the ___________

4) The females will migrate to the _______________ and oviposit there which will lead to itchy ______ or rectum

5) Eggs will embed to child __________ after scratching the anus part and thumb sucking

6) Through contaminated _____ and _____ especially if the food handler is the carrier

7) Viable ova can float in the air

8) Retro infection: gravid female after laying their eggs in the perianal area goes back through the anus to the ___________. The larvae upon hatching migrate back to the large intestine

Answer 20

1)anus to mouth; fingers and fomites

2) sheets or clothes

3) juvenile - small intestines; adults - large intestines

4) perianal area; anus/rectum

5) fingernails

6) food and drinks

7) Via inhalation

8) large intestine

Question 21

What parasite shows that some are asymptomatic. Rarely causes serious lesions?

Answer 21

Enterobius vermicularis

Question 22

What parasite causes Nocturnal perianal itching

Answer 22

Enterobius vermicularis

Question 23

Other symptoms of E. vermicularis:
1) ____________ perianal itching
2) ____________ irritation; ____________, ____________
3) Cardinal feature: ____________
4) Mild nausea or ____________
5) Loss of ______, ____________
6) Slight irritation to ____________

Answer 23

1) Nocturnal
2) Vulva irritation; vulvovaginitis, salpingitis
3) hypersensitivity
4) vomiting
5) Loss of sleep, irritability
6) intestinal mucosa

Question 24

Control & Prevention of E. vermicularis:
1) _____________ once infection sets in the household

2) ______ and ________ sanitation

3) Better _____________; fingernails should be cut short extremely difficult once infection sets in the household

Answer 24

1) extremely difficult
2) Home and community sanitation
3) Better personal hygiene

Question 25

Diagnosis of E. vermicularis:
Sticky part will be the one that is stuck into the anus so that the sticky eggs will be transferred into the sticky tape

Answer 25

Graham Scotch Tape Technique/Cellulose Acetate Technique

Question 26

TRUE OR FALSE:
These are the diagnosis used for Enterobius vermicularis

a. NIH Swab Technique
b. Schuffner and Swelling Rebel Method
c. Graham Scotch Tape

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

What are the diagnosis for Enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 27

a. NIH Swab Technique
b. Schuffner and Swelling Rebel Method
c. Graham Scotch Tape

Question 28

Treatment for Enterobius vermicularis:
a. __________ salts
b. __________ pamoate
c. What are the side effects of pyrantel pamoate?
d. Cannot be used for pregnant women

Answer 28

a. Piperazine salts
b. Pyrvinium pamoate
c. Headache, dizziness, abdominal pain, increase
SGOT, vomiting, diarrhea
d. Mebendazole - Cannot be used for pregnant women

Question 29

This treatment for Enterobius vermicularis cannot be used for pregnant women

Answer 29

Mebendazole