Upper Extremity Flashcards
- HAND CONSIST OF __(#)___ BONES
- GROUPS & # IN EACH: - DISTAL LOCATED:
- PROXIMAL LOCATED:
- 27
- PHALANGES (14)
- METACARPAL (5)
- CARPAL (8) - DISTAL = TIP OF FINGER / FURTHER FROM POINT OF ORIGIN (THINK DISTANCE AWAY)
- PROXIMAL = LOWER PART OF FINGER / CLOSER POINT OF ORIGIN (THINK IN MY PROXIMITY)
- WHERE IS DIP JOINT?
- PIP?
- MCP? - JOINTS OF THUMB:
- HOW DO YOU KNOW ENTIER THUMB WAS RADIOGRAPHED / WHAT IS NEEDED?
- DISTAL INTERPHALANGEAL IS LOCATED ON 2-5TH DIGIT BETWEEN DISTAL & MIDDLE PHALANGE (TOP MOST JOINT_
- PROXIMAL INTERPHALANGEAL IS LOCATED BETWEEN MIDDLE AND PROXIMAL PHALANGES (IN MIDDLE OF FINGER / THINK KNUCKLE)
- METACARPOPHALANGEAL BETWEEN PROXIMAL PHALANGE & METACARPAL (LOWER JOINT) - INTERPHALANGEAL (IP) BETWEEN TDISTAL AND PROXIMAL PHALANX
- METACARPOPHALANGEAL (MCP) BETWEEN PROXIMAL PHALANX AND 1ST METACARPAL - 1ST MCP IS APART OF THUMB, SO INCLUDE TRAPEZIUM TO ENSURE
- HOW MANY CARPALS ARE THERE?
- PROXIMAL CARPALS:
- DISTAL CARPALS:
- SMALLEST CARPAL:
- LARGEST CARPAL:
- MOST FRACTURES CARPAL:
- 8
- SCAPHOID, LUNATE, TRIQUETRUM, PISIFORM
- TRAPEZIUM, TRAPEZOID, CAPITATE & HAMATE
- PISIFORM
- CAPITATE
- SCAPHOID
- WRIST JOINT IS CALLED ____________
- TYPE: ______________
- MOVEMENT: ____________ - WHAT CONSIST OF WRIST JOINT?
- WHICH BONE OF FOREARM ARTICUALTES DIRECTLY WITH CARPALS?
- RADIOCARPAL JOINT
- CONDYLOID JOINT / DIATHRODIAL
- FREELY MOVING - RADIUS, SCAPHOID & LUNATE
- ALSO DISTAL RADIOULNAR JOINT
- RADIUS
- IN ANATOMICAL POSITION OF FOREARM:
_________ IS MEDIAL & _________ LATERAL SIDE - WHICH CONTAIN OLECRANON & CORONOID PROCESS?
- WHERE IS TROCHLEA NOTCH LOCATED?
- FUNCTION? - WHERE IS RADIAL NOTCH LOCATED?
- FUNCTION?
- ULNA MEDIAL, RADIUS LATERAL
- PROXIMAL ULNA
- DEPRESSION ON PROXIMAL ULNA, ACCEPTS PART OF HUMERUS
- DEPRESSION PROXIMAL ULNA, RECEIVES RADIAL HEAD THIS FORMS PROXIMAL RADIOULNAR JOINT
- DURING PRONATION, ________ CROSSES OVER ______.
- WHAT IS ON THE PROXIMAL RADIUS? (3 KEY THINGS)
- WHERE IS STYLOID PROCESS LOCATED?
- WHERE IS ULNAR NOTCH LOCATED?
- FUNCTION
- RADIUS OVER ULNA
- RADIAL HEAD, NECK & TUBEROSITY
- STYLOID ON DISTAL END OF RADIUS AND ULNA
- ON RADIUS, ACCEPTS ULNAR HEAD
- CREATES DISTAL RADIOULNAR JOINT
- PROXIMAL VS DISTAL RADIOULNAR JOINTS:
- TROCHLEA ARTICULATES WITH ________
- CAPITULUM ARTICULATES WITH __________ - RADIAL FOSSA LOCATED:
- FUNCTION - CORONOID FOSSA LOCATED:
- FUNCTION
- PROXIMAL = RADIAL NOTCH ON ULNA & RADIAL HEAD ON RADIUS
- DISTAL = ULNAR NOTCH ON RADIUS, ULNA HEAD ON DISTAL ULNA - TROCHLEA - ULNA
- CAPITULUM - RADIUS - RADIAL FOSSA ON HUMERUS, ABOVE CAPITULUM
- ACCEPT RADIUS IN FLEXION - CORONOID FOSSA ON HUMERUS ABOVE TROCHLEA
- ACCEPTS CORONOID PROCESS IN FLEXION
- ELBOW IS WHAT TYPE OF JOINT?
- WHERE ARE MEDIAL & LATERAL EPICONDYLES LOCATED IN UPPER EXTREMITY?
- FUNCTION - WHICH OF ABOVE IS LARGER?
- HINGE TYPE / DIATHROTIAL
2, ON HUMERUS, SUPERIOR TO HUMERAL CONDYLES (CAPITULUM & TROCHLEA)
- MEDIAL CONDYLE = ABOVE TROCHLEA, LATERAL = ABOVE CAPITULUM
PALPABLE BONE FOR IMAGING
- MEDIAL LARGER
- WHERE IS OLECRANON FOSSA LOCATED?
- FUNCTION? - WHERE IS TROCHLEA SULCUS LOCATED?
- WHICH STRUCTURES ARE INDICATIONS OF TRUE LATERAL ELBOW?
- POSTERIOR DEPRESSION BEHIND CORONOID FOSSA / LOCATED ON HUMERUS
- ACCEPTS OLECRANON PROCESS WHEN ELBOW EXTENDED - ON TOP OF ULA / UNDER TROCHLEA
- THREE CONCENTRIC ARCS & THREE FAT PADS
- THREE CONCENTRIC ARCS NAMES:
- SEEN ON WHAT PROJECTION? - THREE FAT PADS ASSOCIATED WITH ELBOW JOINT:
- SEEN ON WHICH PROJECTION? - WHAT IS INDICATED IF POSTERIOR FAT PAD IS VISUALIZED ON IMAGE?
- TROCHLEAR SULCUS, RIDGES OF CAPITULUM & TROCHLEA & TROCHLEA NOTCH
- LATERAL ELBOW - ANTERIOR FAT PAD (FRONT OF HUMERUS)
- SUPINATOR FAT PAD (ABOVE RADIUS)
- POSTERIOR FAT PAD (IN OLECRANON FOSSA) - POSTERIOR PUSHES OUT OF OLECRANON FOSSA ON LATERAL INDICATES INJURY
- ON HUMERUS, WHICH NECK IS MORE DISTAL- ANATOMICAL OR SURGICAL
- GREATER TUBERCLE LOCATED _________ & LESSER TUBERCLE LOCATED ___________.
- WHAT IS TERM FOR DEPRESSION BETWEEN GREATER & LESSER TUBERCLE?
- WHERE ON HUMERUS ARE THESE ALL LOCATED?
- SURGICAL (THINK A BEFORE S)
- GREATER = LATERAL
- LESSER = ANTERIOR / MORE MEDIAL - INTERTUBERCULAR GROOVE
- PROXIMAL HUMERUS (CLOSER TO SHOULDER)
- WHAT DOES SHOULDER GIRDLE CONSIST OF?
- JOINTS OF SHOULDER GIRDLE & TYPE:
A.
B.
C. - SHOULDER GIRDLE ITSELF CLASSIFIED AS _____ JOINT & MOVEMENT IS ______
- CLAVICLE & SCAPULA
- A. Scapulohumeral joint – ball and socket
- B. Acromioclavicular (AC) joint – gliding (or plane)
- C. Sternoclavicular (SC) joint – gliding (or plane) - SHOULDER GIRDLE = SYNOVIAL & DIATHROTAL (FREE MOVE)
- IS HUMERUS APART OF SHOULDER GIRDLE?
- CLAVICLE IS A ____ BONE
- TWO ENDS OF CLAVICLE NAMES & ARTICULATIONS:
A.
B.
- NO!! ONLY CLAVICLE & SCAPULA
- LONG BONE
- A. ACROMIAL EXTREMITY - ART. ACROMION PROCESS OF SCAPULA
- B. STERNAL EXTREMITY - ART. MANUBRIUM OF STERNUM & 1ST COSTAL CARTILAGE
- SCAPULA IS A ______ BONE
- SCAPULA SURFACES: _________ & ___________
- BORDERS: _________, ___________& _____________
- ANGLES: _________, ___________& _____________
- WHERE IS SUBSCAPULAR FOSSA?
- FLAT BONE
- COSTAL (ANTERIOR) & DORSAL (POSTERIOR)
- LATERAL (AXILLA), MEDIAL (VERTEBRA) & SUPERIOR
- SUPERIOR, INFERIOR & LATERAL ANGLES
- SUBSCAPULAR FOSSA ON ANTERIOR ASPECT
- WHERE IS CORACOID PROCESS LOCATED?
- WHERE IS THE SPINE CREST LOCATED ON SCAPULA?
- A. AREA ABOVE SPINE = __________
- B. AREA BELOW SPINE = __________ - WHERE IS ACROMION LOCATED?
- ON SCAPULA / ANTERIOR SIDE
- POSTERIOR ASPECT SCAPULA
- ABOVE = SUPRASPINOUS FOSSA
- BELOW = INFRASPINOUS FOSSA - OVERHANGS SHOULDER JOINT
- POSTERIOR ASPECT OF SCAPULA
- ROUTINE DIGIT PROJECTIONS:
- DIGITS CR:
- WHAT IS IMPORTANT ABOUT OBLIQUE DIGITS?
- WHAT IS IMPORTANT ABOUT LATERAL DIGITS?
- PA, PA OBLIQUE & LATERAL
- DIRECTED AT PIP
- OBLIQUE = 45* OBLIQUE
- DIGIT CLOSER TO IR / SO CHANGE WAY HAND ROTATES TO REDUCE OID - LATERALS BASED ON WHICH DIGIT OF INTEREST
- DIGIT CLOSER TO IR / SO CHANGE WAY HAND ROTATES TO REDUCE OID
- WHAT IS POSITION OF EACH IMAGE:
(IS IT MEDIOLATERAL OR LATEROMEDIAL)
A.
B.
C.
D.
- A. LATEROMEDIAL
B. MEDIOLATERAL
C. LATEROMEDIAL
D. LATEROMEDIAL
WHICH WAY BEAM ENTERS DIGIT
- LABEL WHAT VIEW IS EACH IMAGE & MAIN ANATOMY
A.
B.
C.
A. PA DIGIT
- SOFT TISSUE & MIDSHAFT CONCAVITY EQUAL BOTH SIDES
- IP & MCP JOINTS OPEN
B. PA OBLIQUE DIGITS (45*)
- MORE CONCAVITY ON ONE ASPECT PHALANX THAN OTHER
- IP & MCP JOINT SPACES OPEN
C. LATERAL DIGIT
- ANTERIOR SURFACE HAS MIDSHALF CONCAVITY
- IP & MCP JOINT OPEN
- PROJECTIONS OF THUMB:
- THUMB CR:
- ANATOMY FOR TUMB VIEWS:
- AP, OBLIQUE & LATERAL
- 1ST MCP JOINT
- IP & MCP JOINTS OPEN,
- AP FOR REDUCED OID
- ROUTINE PROJECTIONS OF HAND:
- CR FOR HAND
- WHICH PROJECTION BEST FOR LOCALIZING FOREIGN BODIES?
- WHICH IS BEST FOR DISPLACEMENT OF FRACTURES?
- PA, PA OBLIQUE (45*) & LATERAL (FAN & TRUE LATERAL)
- PA & OBLIQUE = 3RD MCP
LATERAL = 2ND MCP - TRUE LATERAL / LATERAL HAND IN EXTENSION
- TRUE LATERAL / LATERAL HAND IN EXTENSION
MAJOR ANATOMY FOR EACH HAND PROJECTION:
A. PA:
B. PA OBLIQUE:
C. LATERAL:
A. PA: IP & MCP JOINTS OPEN
- UNIFORM CONCAVITIES OF 2-5TH PHALANGES
B. PA OBLIQUE: 1-2 MC HEADS NOT SUPERMIP.
- 3-5TH ARE SLIGHTLY SUPERIMP.
- IP & MCP JOINTS OPEN
C. LATERAL: 2-5 MC SUPERIMP.