Ethics/Patient Care Flashcards
1
Q
- WHAT ARE ETHICS
- TYPES OF ETHICS:
- WHAT THEY INVOLVE - RT IS GOVERNED BY CODE OF ETHICS & PRINCIPLES OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT SET FORTH BY:
A
- SET PRINCIPLES THAT DICTATE RIGHT AND WRONG BEHAVIOR
- PERSONAL: BASED OFF PERSON CULTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND
- PROFESSIONAL: PERSONAL RELATIONS, DECISION MAKING & POLICY MAKING - ASSRT & ARRT
2
Q
- WHAT IS CODE OF CONDUCT?
- WHAT TYPE OF ETHICS INVOLVE RELATIONS, DECISION MAKING & POLICY MAKING?
- IF AN X-RAY TECH RELAYS RESULTS OF AN IMAGE TO A PATIENT, THIS IS CONSIDERED:
A
- GUIDE BY WHICH TECH MAY EVALUATE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AS IT RELATES TO PATIENT, COLLEAGUES AND OTHER MEDICAL EMPLOYEES
ASSIST IN HIGH LEVEL OF ETHICAL CONDUCT - PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
- OUTSIDE THEIR SCOPE OF PRACTICE
3
Q
- ASRT STANDS FOR:
- BASIC DIFFERENCE: - ARRT STAND FOR
- BASIC DIFFERENCE: - WHAT IS SCOPE OF PRACTICE?
A
- AMERICAN SOCIETY OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGIST
PRACTICE STANDARDS (DUTIES HELD TO)
2.AMERICAN REGISTRY OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGIST
- STANDARDS OF ETHICS (FOUNDATIONS / EXPECTATIONS)
- GUIDELINES OUTLINE SAFE PERFORMANCE OF DUTIES
- X-RAY TECHS & OTHER MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS MUST WORK WITHIN THE LIMITS OF THEIR SCOPE OF PRACTICE
4
Q
- WHAT IS A TORT?
- WHAT IS ASSESSMENT OF DUTY?
- MAJOR 4 STEPS OF ASSESSMENTS OF DUTY:
A
- CIVIL WRONG OTHER THAN BREACH OF CONTRACT
- CIVIL = PERSON TO PERSON - WHAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN DONE
- DUTY (WHAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN DONE)
- BREACH (DEVIATION FROM DUTY)
- INJURY SUSTAINED
- CAUSE (AS RESULT OF BREACH)
- DUTY (WHAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN DONE)
5
Q
- WHAT IS ASSAULT?
- WHAT IS BATTERY?
- EXAMPLE: - WHAT IS FALSE IMPRISONMENT?
- DO NOT CONFUSE FOR:
A
- WILLFUL ATTEMPT OR THREAT TO INFLICT INJURY FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER
- ANY INTENTIONAL DISPLAY OF FORCE
- VICTIM HAS REASON TO FEEL FEAR OR HARM - UNLAWFUL TOUCHING OF ANOTHER THAT IS WITHOUT JUSTIFICATION OR EXCUSE
- PERFORMING INCORRECT EXAM, OR EXAM WITHOUT AN ORDER - RESTRAINT OF FREEDOM WITHOUT PROPER AUTHORIZATION OR CONSENT
- NOT SAME AS IMMOBILIZATION (LIMIT PATIENT MOVEMENT)
6
Q
- PERFORMING AN EXAM WITHOUT AN ORDER IS AN EXAMPLE OF:
- WHAT IS DEFAMATION?
- TYPES OF DEFAMATION & DIFFERENCE:
A
- BATTERY
- HOLDING PERSON TO RIDICULE OR CONTEMPT IN RESPECTABLE PART OF COMMUNITY
- SLANDER: SPOKEN DEFAMATION OF CHARACTER
- LIBEL: WRITTEN DEFAMATION OF CHARACTER
7
Q
- WHERE ARE TORTS DISPUTED?
- HOW REMEDY? - WHAT IS INVASION OF PRIVACY?
- RES IPSA LOQUITOR
- TRANSLATION:
- DEFINITION:
A
- IN COURT
- COURT PROVIDES REMEDY IN FORM OF ACTION FOR DAMAGES - DISCLOSING CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION TO UNAUTHORIZED INDIVIDUALS
- THE THING SPEAKS FOR ITSELF
- OBVIOUS MISTAKE
- TYPE OF INJURY DID NOT OCCUR EXCEPT FOR NEGLIGENCE
- PLAINTIFF DID NOT CONTRIBUTE TO OWN INJURY IN ANY WAY & IT WAS COMPLETELY DEFENDANTS FAULT
- THE THING SPEAKS FOR ITSELF
8
Q
- RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR
- TRANSLATION:
- DEFINITION: - STARE DECISIS
- TRANSLATION:
- DEFINITION - BENEFICENCE MEANS:
A
- THE MASTER SPEAKS FOR THE SERVANT
- MASTER (BOSS) IS LIABLE FOR WRONGFUL ACTS OF HIS/HER SERVANT (TECH) - “TO STAND BY THINGS DECIDED”
- COMPARING TO SIMILAR CASES IN PAST, USE AS PRECEDENT FOR FUTURE CASES - “DOING GOOD”
- PRINCIPLE MEANS THAT HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS SHOULD ALWAYS TRY TO HELP PATIENTS & MAKE THEIR SITUATION BETTER
9
Q
- NON- MALEFICENCE MEANS:
- THREE FREQUENT LITIGATIONS IN RADIOLOGY:
- WHAT IS NEGLIGENT?
A
- “DOING NO HARM”
- PART OF PHYSICIANS OATH TO DO NO HARM / HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS SHOULD AVOID HARMING - PATIENT FALLS / POSITIONING INJURIES
- PREGNANCY
- ERRORS OR DELAYS IN DIAGNOSIS - DOING OF SOMETHING A REASONABLE AND PRUDENT PERSON WOULD NOT DO
- FAILURE TO DO SOMETHING A REASONABLE PERSON WOULD DO
10
Q
- BENEFICENCE VS NONMALEFICENCE
- WHAT IS HIPAA?
- WHAT DOES HIPAA STAND FOR?
A
- DOING GOOD VS DOING NO HARM
- ESTABLISHES REGULATIONS TO MAINTAIN PRIVACY OF PROTECTED HEALTH INFORMATION (PHI)
- HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY & ACCOUNTABILITY ACT
11
Q
- WHAT YEAR WAS HIPAA ENACTED?
- WHAT IS PHI?
A
- 1996
- PROTECTED HEALTH INFORMATION
12
Q
- WHAT IS AN ADVANCE DIRECTIVE?
- WHAT IS A LIVING WILL?
- WHAT IS HEALTHCARE PROXY?
A
- LEGAL DOCUMENT (LIKE LIVING WILL) SIGNED BY COMPETENT PERSON PROVIDE GUIDANCE FOR MEDICAL / HEALTH CARE DECISIONS IN EVENT PERSON BECOMES INCOMPETENT TO DECISIONS
-
WRITTEN
- DECLARATION SIGNED BY PATIENT (WHEN COMPETENT) STATING HIS OR HER WISHES WITH MEDICAL TREATMENT -
PERSON
- LEGAL DOCUMENT ASSIGNING PERSON TO MAKE MEDICAL DECISIONS
- “SUBSTITUTE” / PERSON SPEAKS FOR PATIENT WHEN THEY ARE UNABLE TO
13
Q
- WHAT IS A DNR?
- WHAT IS INFORMED CONSENT?
- WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR INFORMED CONSENT?
A
- MEDICAL ORDER WRITTEN BY DOCTOR. INSTRUCTS HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS NOT TO DO CPR IF BREATHING OR HEART STOPS
- PATIENT MUST BE MADE AWARE OF RISKS PRIOR TO EXAM
- PATIENT SHAVE RIGHT TO BE INFORMED AND REFUSE TREATMENT - PHYSICIAN RESPONSIBLE FOR ASSURING PATIENT UNDERSTANDS STUDY REQUIRING CONSENT
14
Q
- TYPES OF INFORMED CONSENTS: (3)
- EXPLAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ABOVE:
- CAN NODDING YOUR HEAD BE CONSIDERED IMPLIED CONSENT?
- IS SHOWING UP TO YOUR APPOINTMENT ON TIME CONSIDERED CONSENT?
A
- VERBAL, WRITTEN & IMPLIED
- VERBAL = SPOKEN CONSENT
- WRITTEN: REQUIRED FOR GREATER RISK EXAMS
- IMPLIED: IF PATIENT ARRIVES TO ED ALONE AND IS UNCONSCIOUS - YES
- YES
15
Q
- CAN CONSENT BE WITHDRAWN AT ANYTIME?
- 7 RULES OF INFORMED CONSENT:
A
- YES
- A. PT RECEIVES FULL EXPLANATION OF PROCEDURE AND ITS RISK & SIGN PRIOR TO EXAM
B. PT MUST BE COMPETENT TO SIGN FORM
C. ONLY PARENT/LEGAL GUARDIAN CAN SIGN FOR MINOR
D. ONLY LEGAL GUARDIAN MAY SIGN FOR MENTALLY ILL PATIENT
E. CONSENT FORMS MUST BE COMPLETED BEFORE SIGNING
F. ONLY PHYSICIAN NAMES ON CONSENT MAY PREFORM EXAM
G. ANY CONDITIONS ON FORM MUST BE MET
16
Q
- IN CASE OF EMERGENCY, HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS ARE ABLE TO PROCEED UNDER _______,
- WHO CAN CONSENT FOR A MENTALLY ILL PATIENT?
- WHEN IS WRITTEN CONSENT REQUIRED?
A
- UNDER IMPLIED CONSENT
- DOCTORS ARE NON-MALEFICENCE - ONLY LEGAL GUARDIAN
NOT AIDE FROM HOME) - WHEN INVASIVE PROCEDURES OR CONTRAST IS IN EXAM
17
Q
- PATIENT SCREENING MAY BE CALLED:
- WHAT IS PATIENT SCREENING:
- EXAMPLES OF PATIENT SCREENING INFO:
A
- PATIENT HISTORY
- PERTINENT INFO THAT MAY IMPEDE ON DIAGNOSIS
- PHOBIAS, ALLERGIES, SURGERIES, INTERNAL DEVICES
18
Q
- WHAT IS PATIENT EDUCATION?
- BEST IMMOBILIZER FOR PATIENT:
- PATIENT PREPARATION INCLUDES:
A
- INFORMATION GIVEN TO PATIENT PERTAINS TO EXAM BEING PERFORMED & POST-EXAM INSTRUCTIONS FOR SATISFACTORY OUTCOME FROM PROCESS
- COMMUNICATION
- REMOVING FOREIGN BODIES (METALLIC, CLOTHING, ETC…)
DIETARY INSTRUCTIONS
ETC…
19
Q
- REQUIRED PATIENT PREP FOR CONTRAST MEDIA:
- NPO MEANS:
- EXAMPLES OF EXAMS THAT ARE NPO:
A
- PRE-EXAM INSTRUCTIONS
-ASSURE PATIENT PROPERLY PREPARED
- CLEAR POST INSTRUCTIONS
- GIVEN AMPLE TIME BEFORE EXAM
- THINGS LIKE WHAT TO EXPECT BEFORE,AFTER & DIETARY INSTRUCTIONS
- NOTHING BY MOUTH
- NOTHING TO EAT AFTER MIDNIGHT / 8 HOURS BEFORE EXAM - ESOPHAGRAM, UGI & SMALL BOWELS FLURO STUDIES
20
Q
- IVU REQUIRE DIETARY RESTRICTIONS AT LEAST ____ HOURS BEFORE STUDY BECAUSE:
- MAGNESIUM CITRATE IS EXAMPLE OF:
- BARIUM ENEMA SINGLE VS DOUBLE CONTRAST:
A
- 8 HOURS
- CLEANSE SMALL AND LARGE BOWELS - LAXATIVE / CATHARTIC AGENT
- SINGLE: CONTRAST
- DOUBLE: CARBON DIOXIDE & CONTRAST
21
Q
- BARIUM ENEMA PREP:
- CATHARTIC AGENTS ARE:
A
- RESTRICTIONS AT LEAST 24 HOURS BEFORE
- LAXATIVES DAY BEFORE - LAXITIVE
22
Q
- WHAT IS EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE?
- WHAT IS EMPATHY?
- WHAT IS SYMPATHY?
A
- ABILITY TO LOOK AT YOURSELF AND OTHERS IN EFFORT TO RECOGNIZE & UNDERSTAND EMOTIONS & USE THIS TO MANAGE THEM
- HAVING GOOD SENSE OF WHAT ANOTHER PERSON IS FEELING
- FEELIN BAD FOR PERSON
23
Q
- WHAT ARE MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
- WHICH STEP DO STUDENTS LIE IN?
- WHO CREATED GRIEVING PROCESS?
A
- 1ST = PSYCHOLOGICAL (BASIC NEEDS)
2ND - SAFETY (SECURITY)
3RD - LOVE BELONGING
4TH - ESTEEM
5TH - SELF ACTUALIZATION - LEVEL 3 (LOVE BELONGING)
3.ELLISON KUBLER-ROSS
24
Q
- WHAT ARE STEPS IN GRIEVING PROCESS?
- DOES GRIEVING PROCESS GO IN ORDER?
- TYPES OF COMMUNICATION:
A
- DABDA:
DENIAL, ANGER, BARGAINING, DEPRESSION, ACCEPTANCE - NOT ALWAYS
- VERBAL VS NONVERBAL
25
Q
- VERBAL COMMUNICATION COMPONENTS: (6)
- WHENEVER POSSIBLE, VERBAL COMMUNICATION SHOULD BE:
- WHAT ARE NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS: (3)
A
- MESSAGE - SOURCE - VEHICLE/TRANSMISSION - RECEIVER - CONTEXT - FEEDBACK
- FACE- TO - FACE
- PARALANGUAGE,
- BODY LANGUAGE,
- TOUCH
- PROFESSIONAL APPEARANCE/HYGIENE/POSTURE
- VISUAL CONTACTS
26
Q
- WHAT IS PARALANGUAGE?
- TOUCH IS EXAMPLE OF ________ COMMUNICATION & USED FOR:
- THREE ASPECTS OF LEARNING:
- THEY ARE ALSO KNOWN AS:
A
- SOUND OF VOICE, PAUSES, RATE OF SPEECH & ATTITUDE
- NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
- SUPPORT, EMPHASIS & PALPATION
3.COGNITION, AFFECTIVE DOMAIN & PSYCHOMOTOR
- TAXONOMY OF LEARNING
27
Q
- COGNITION IN LEARNING MEANS:
- AFFECTIVE DOMAIN IN LEARNING:
- PSYCHOMOTOR IN LEARNING MEANS:
A
- LEARNING REASON TO HAVE EXAM
- UNDERSTANDING WHAT IS BEING TAUGHT
- PHYSICALLY PERFORMING TASK OF PREP. FFOR EXAM
28
Q
- SIX TYPES OF VARIOUS PATIENTS:
- WHAT ARE CULTURAL DIFFERENCES MEAN?
- EXAMPLES: - INFANT AGE RANGE:
TODDLER AGE RANFE:
ADOLESCENT AGE RANGE:
A
- SERIOUS ILL, VISUALLY IMPAIRED, SPEECH / HEARING IMPAIRED, NON-ENGLISH SPEAKING, MENTALLY IMPAIRED & SUBSTANCE ABUSERS
- EACH CULTURE/ETHNIC BACKGROUND HAS DIFFERENCE IN INTERPRETATION OF GESTURE / PHRASES
- HANDSHAKES, HEAD NOD & HAND GESTURES - INFANT = UNDER 1 YEAR
TODDLER 1-3 YEARS
ADOLESCENT 10-25
29
Q
- GERIATRIC AGE RANGE:
- INPATIENT VS OUTPATIENT :
- HOW MANY IDENTIFIERS ARE VERIFIED MINIMALLY:
A
- 65+
- INPATIENT: ADMITTED TO HOSPITAL MORE THAN 24 HOURS
- OUTPATIENT: PATIENTS NOT ADMITTED / DOESNT OCCUPY BED - TWO
30
Q
- INPATIENT IDENTIFICATIONS INCLUDE:
- OUTPATIENT IDENTIFICATIONS INCLUDE:
- ONLY UNIQUE IDENTIFIER FOR EVERY SINGLE PATIENT:
A
- PATIENT NAME ON ID BRACELET, CALL PATIENT NAME & VERIFY PATIENT NAME
- CALL PATIENT NAME, VERIFY D.O.B. TO PATIENT & REQUISITION
- WALKIE/TALKIE - MRN NUMBER / ACCOUNT #
(USE WHEN PATIENTS HAVE SAME NAME / DOB)
31
Q
- WHAT ARE YOU MONITORING FOR WITH PATIENTS?
- PHYSICAL SIGNS TO MONITOR INCLUDE:
- SUBJECTIVE VS OBJECTIVE MONITORING:
A
- LOOK FOR ALLERGY HX, ADMITTING DIAGNOSIS, PROGRESS NOTES & DOCTOR NOTES
- SKIN COLOR, CYANOSIS OF LIPS / MUCOUS MEMBRANE OR BLUE NAIL BEDS
3.SUBJECTIVE: HOW THEY FEEL
OBJECTIVE: WHAT IS OBSERVED / MEASURABLE (VITALS)
32
Q
- CYANOSIS MEANS:
- HOW IS TOUCH USED TO MONITOR PATIENTS?
A
- BLUE DISCOLORATION (USUALLY DUE TO LACK OXYGEN)
- SKIN TEMP, HOT/DRY SKIN OR WET PALMS