13.6 Ovarian Tumors

Question 1

what are the three cell types in an ovary

Answer 1

surface epithelium, germ cells, sex cord-stroma

Question 2

What cell type(s) of the 3 in an ovary can cancer arise from ?

Answer 2

all 3

Question 3

what is the MC cell type of ovarian tumor?

Answer 3

surface epithelial tumors

Question 4

what is the surface epithelium of the ovary derived from

Answer 4

coelemic epithelium

Question 5

coelemic epithelium gives rise to the lining of what 3 structures (and produces their epithelium as well)

Answer 5

fallopian tube
endometrium
endocervix

Question 6

What type of cells are the epithelium of the fallopian tube

Answer 6

serous cells

Question 7

What type of cells are the epithelium of the endocervix

Answer 7

mucinous cells

Question 8

Serous tumors are full of what? Mucinous tumors are filled with?

Answer 8

serous - watery fluid

mucinous - mucus-like fluid

Question 9

serous and mucinous tumors can be classified how (3)

Answer 9

benign, borderline, malignant

Question 10

what does one call a benign surface epithlial ovarian tumor

Answer 10

cystadenoma

Question 11

what does one call a malignant surface epithlial ovarian tumor

Answer 11

cystadenocarcinoma

Question 12

cystademonas (benign) have how many cysts and simple (single cell layer) or complex (multiple cell layer) lining?

Answer 12

single layer of epithelial cells

single cyst

Question 13

MC age for cystadenomas (pre or post menopause)

Answer 13

30-40 yo premenopause

Question 14

MC age for cystadenocarcinomas (pre or post menopause)

Answer 14

60-70 postmenopause

Question 15

describe cystadenocarcinoma (number of cysts and cell lining)

Answer 15

multiple cysts
complex lining (thick, shaggy)

Question 16

are borderline surface epithelial tumors benign or malignant? px?

Answer 16

clearly malignant (can metastasize) but have better px than malignant

Question 17

what 2 cancers do BRCA1 carriers have an increased risk for?

Answer 17

serous carcinoma of the ovary and fallopian tube

Question 18

if an ovarian tumor has cells that resemble urothelium what is it called

Answer 18

Brenner tumor

Question 19

Are Brenner tumors usually benign or malignant?

Answer 19

benign

Question 20

are endometroid tumors usually benign or malignant

Answer 20

malignant

Question 21

what type of tumor is an endometrioid tumor

Answer 21

surface epithelium tumor

Question 22

what type of tumor is a Brenner tumor

Answer 22

surface epithelium tumor

Question 23

what condition can give rise to endometrioid tumor

Answer 23

endometriosis

Question 24

surface epithelial tumor present early or late and why?

Answer 24

late- lots of room to grow

Question 25

What does late presentation of surface epithelium tumors say about prognosis

Answer 25

poor prognosis - THE WORST px of the female genital tract cancers

Question 26

what sx do surface epithelium tumors present with (2)

Answer 26

vague abdominal sx, signs of compression (urinary frequency)

Question 27

where do surface epithelium carcinomas spread

Answer 27

locally (peritoneum)

Question 28

what is the marker for surface epithelium tumors

Answer 28

CA-125

Question 29

what is the second MC tumor of ovaries?

Answer 29

germ cell tumors

Question 30

what tumor is MC in following ages: 15-30 (reproductive age) 35-40 60-70

Answer 30

15-30 - germ cell tumor 35-40 benign surface epithelium tumor 60-70 - malignant surface epithelium tumor

Question 31

what are the 4 types of tissue associated with germ cell tumors

Answer 31

oocytes fetal tissue yolk sac placental tissue

Question 32

what germ cell tumor mimics fetal tissue (2)

Answer 32

cystic teratoma | embryonal carcinoma

Question 33

what germ cell tumor mimics oocyte tissue

Answer 33

dysgerminoma

Question 34

what germ cell tumor mimics yolk sac tissue

Answer 34

endodermal sinus tumor

Question 35

what germ cell tumor mimics placntal tissue

Answer 35

choriocarcinoma

Question 36

what is MC germ cell tumor in females

Answer 36

Cystic teratoma

Question 37

Are cystic teratomas usually benign or malignant

Answer 37

benign

Question 38

What 2 findings would indicate malignant potential in a cystic teratoma

Answer 38

``` immature tissue somatic malignancy (cancer of the tissuee inside the teratoma) ```

Question 39

what is the MC immature tissue ina an immature cystic teratoma

Answer 39

Neural ectoderm

Question 40

What is MC cancer in smatic malignancy of cystic teratoma

Answer 40

SqCC of skin

Question 41

What is struma ovarii

Answer 41

a teratoma comprised primarily of thyroid tissue

Question 42

What is MC malignant germ cell tumorq

Answer 42

dysgerminoma

Question 43

what is the histo appearance of cells of dysgerminoma (3)

Answer 43

large cells, clear cytoplasm, central nuclei

Question 44

what is testicular counterpart of dysgermonoma called

Answer 44

seminoma

Question 45

px of dysgerminoma

Answer 45

good- responds to radiothx

Question 46

what marker is elevated in dysgerminoma

Answer 46

serum LDH

Question 47

what is MC germ cell tumor in children

Answer 47

Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk-sac tumor)

Question 48

what would the histological appearance of a Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk-sac tumor) resemble

Answer 48

a glomerulus

Question 49

what is a glomerulus like structure called in an Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk-sac tumor)

Answer 49

Schiller-duvall bodies

Question 50

What marker is elevated in Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk-sac tumor)

Answer 50

serum AFP

Question 51

2 cell types present in Choriocarcinoma and what structure is absent

Answer 51

trophoblasts - syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts are both present villi are absent!!!

Question 52

is Choriocarcinoma malignant? why?

Answer 52

yes- trophoblasts are programmed to find blood from mother and invade tissues to do it so they spread early

Question 53

what marker is elevated in Choriocarcinoma (produced by what cell?)

Answer 53

B-hCG produced by syncytiotrophoblasts

Question 54

WHat might elevated B-hCG in Choriocarcinoma lead to

Answer 54

thecal cysts in ovary

Question 55

what is Choriocarcinoma response to chemo

Answer 55

poor

Question 56

is embryonal carcinoma benign or malignant

Answer 56

malignant

Question 57

what is the only benign germ cell tumor

Answer 57

cystic teratoma

Question 58

is embryonal slow or aggressive

Answer 58

aggressive with early metastasis

Question 59

what type of tumor is embryonal?

Answer 59

germ cell tumor of ovary

Question 60

What type of tumor is a granulosa-theca cell tumor?

Answer 60

sex-cord stromal tumor

Question 61

granulosa-theca cell tumor presents with signs of what excess

Answer 61

estrogen

Question 62

Prior to puberty how does granulosa-theca cell tumor present

Answer 62

early puberty

Question 63

at reproductive age how does granulosa-theca cell tumor present (2)

Answer 63

menorrhagia, metrorrhagia- bleeding bt periods

Question 64

post-menopause how does granulosa-theca cell tumor present

Answer 64

endometrial hyperplasia with abnormal bleeding

Question 65

what is the MC age range (not numbers but a period) FOR granulosa-theca cell tumor presentaiton

Answer 65

post-menopause

Question 66

Is granulosa-theca cell tumor beingn or malignant

Answer 66

malignant

Question 67

what type of tumor presents with Reinke crystasl

Answer 67

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

Question 68

what homo does a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor produce and how does it present (2ways)

Answer 68

androgen hirsutism virilization

Question 69

Meigs syndrome: associated with what tumor,

Answer 69

Fibroma

Question 70

Meigs syndrome: associated with what 2 sx

Answer 70

Ascites, pleural effusion

Question 71

Fibroma: beingn or malignant?

Answer 71

benign

Question 72

Fibroma: a tumor of what cell type

Answer 72

fibroblasts

Question 73

What are the 3 sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovaryq

Answer 73

fibroma, Granulosa-theca cell, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors

Question 74

What are the 2 types of metastatic tumors of the ovary

Answer 74

Krukenberg, PSeudomyxoma peritonei

Question 75

Krukenberg tumor: Serous or mucinous

Answer 75

mucinous

Question 76

Krukenberg tumor: what chc cell type and how it is formed

Answer 76

signet ring cell- mucous in cyto pouches nucleus to edge

Question 77

Krukenberg tumor: Most often dt metastatsis of what Cancer (3 words)

Answer 77

diffuse gastric carcinoma

Question 78

What distinguishes Krukenberg tumor from primary mucinous carcinoma of the ovary

Answer 78

Krukenberg tumor is bilateral

Question 79

What cell type is involved in a primary mucinous carcinoma of the ovary

Answer 79

surface epithelial tumor

Question 80

PSeudomyxoma peritonei is also called what? Why?

Answer 80

aka "jelly belly" dt large amounts of mucous in the peritoneum

Question 81

tumor from what site usually metastasizes to produce PSeudomyxoma peritonei

Answer 81

appendix