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Pathoma 13. Female Genital System and Gestational Pathology > 13.7 Gestational Pathology > Flashcards

13.7 Gestational Pathology Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What is the MC site of ectopic pregnancy

A

fallopian tube

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2
Q

what is key risk factor for ectopic pregnancy?

A

scarring

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3
Q

What 2 conditions usually lead to scarring that causes ectopic pregnancy

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

endometriosis

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4
Q

Where is pain of ectopic pregnancy usually present

A

lower quadrant abdominal pain

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5
Q

two major complications of ectopic pregnancy

A

hematosalpinx- bleeding into fallopian tube

rupture of “ “

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6
Q

define spontaneous abortion

A

miscarriage before 20 weeks(1st trimester)

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7
Q

frequency of spontaneous abortion

A

1/4 pregnancies

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8
Q

MC cause of spontaneous abortion

A

chromosomal abnormalities (trisomy 16 usually)

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9
Q

3 causes of spontaneous abortion other than chromosomal abnormality

A

hypercoagulable states (SLE)
congenital infection
teratogens

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10
Q

effect of teratogen exposure in first 2 weeks

A

spontaneous abortion

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11
Q

effect of teratogen exposure weeks 3-8

A

organ malfunciton

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12
Q

effect of teratogen exposure months 3-9

A

organ hypoplasia

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13
Q

Define placenta previa`

A

placenta covers cervical os

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14
Q

placenta previa` presents as what, when?

A

3rd trimester bleeding

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15
Q

tx for placenta previa`

A

C-section

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16
Q

define placental abruption

A

separation of placenta from decidua prior to delivery

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17
Q

what is placental abruption a comon cause of

A

still birth

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18
Q

placental abruption presents with what 2, when?

A 
fetal insufficiency (no oxygen to fetus)
bleeding in 3rd trimester
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19
Q

define placenta accreta

A

improper implantation of placenta into myometrium (with little or no decidua)

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20
Q

how does placenta accreta present (2)

A

delivery of placenta

postpartum bleeding

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21
Q

tx for placenta accreta?

A

often requires hysterectomy

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22
Q

cocaine leads to what 2 fetal effects

A

intrauterine growth retardation, placental abruption (dt vasoconstriction)

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23
Q

Alcohol leads to what 3 fetal effects

A

mental retardation
microcephaly
facial abnormalities

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24
Q

Thalidomide leads to whatfetal effect

A

limb defects

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25
Cigarette smoke leads to what fetal effect
intrauterine growth retardation
26
Isotretinoin leads to what 3 fetal effects
spontaneous abortion, hearing and visual impairment
27
tetracycline leads to what fetal effect
discolored teeth
28
Phenytoin leads to what 2 fetal effects
digit hypoplasia, cleft lip/palate
29
define preeclampsia (3 things)
pregnancy induced HTN with proteinuria and edema
30
when does preeclampsia arise (during pregnancy- duh)
3rd trimester
31
What presentaitons may be assc with HTN in preeclampsia (2)```
headaches, visual disturbances
32
What is the cause of preeclampsia
abnormality of maternal-fetal vascular interface
33
define eclampsia
preeclampsia with seizures
34
What organ does HELLP involve
liver
35
define HELLP
preeclampsia with thrombotic microangiopathy involving liver
36
what does HELLP stand for
Hemolysis Elevated Liver enzymes Low Platelets
37
what is tz for both HELLP and preeclampsia
immediate delivery
38
SID occurs between what ages
1 mo-1 year
39
SID occurs when
while baby is sleeping
40
risk factors for SID (3)
second-hand cigarette smoke sleeping on stomach prematurity
41
a hytadidiform mole is a prliferation of what cells?
trophoblasts
42
hytadidiform mole is chcized by swollen and edematous what?
villi
43
What two things are larger/elevated in hytadidiform mole
uterus is larger than expected for preganacy | B-hCG is highly elevated
44
hytadidiform mole classicaly presents when, how? (in cases of no prenatal care)
2nd trimester - passage of grape-like mass
45
how does hytadidiform mole present in cases of prenatal care (when, how)
1st trimester | US shows "snowstorm appearance"
46
what is tx for hytadidiform mole
curretage (D&C)
47
what do you monitor after curretage in hytadidiform mole
B-hCG
48
What is elevated B-hCG after a hytadidiform mole removal evidence of? (lethal complication)
choriocarinoma
49
How can choriocarinoma arise (2 ways)
gestation- | germ cell tumor
50
when choriocarinoma arises from gestation, what are 3 possible outcomes?
spontaneous abortion normal pregnancy hytadidiform mole
51
Which of the two causes of choriocarcinoma responds well to chemotherapy
gestation cause- responds well | germ cell- does not respond well
52
two classifications of hytadidiform mole
complete | partial
53
What class of hytadidiform mole shows 3 chromosomes
partial
54
regarding gestation: paternal and maternal genes control what aspect? (between fetus and placenta)
paternal - placenta | maternal - fetus
55
hytadidiform mole is a consequence of excess of whose genes
father
56
an empty ovum fertilized by 2 sperm is what class of hytadidiform mole
complete
57
fetal tissue is absent in what type os hytadidiform mole
complete
58
when only some vili are hydropic what class of hytadidiform mole is it?
partial
59
diffuse, circumfereantial proliferation of trophoblasts is seen in what class of hytadidiform mole
complete
60
which class of hytadidiform mole has increased risk for choriocarcinoma
complete
61
blood on the maternal surface of a placenta is found in what
placental abruption

Pathoma 13. Female Genital System and Gestational Pathology (7 decks)

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