C11 Polymers Flashcards
describe addition polymerisation
when alkene molecules join up to form polymers by
the double covalent bond between carbon atoms in each molecule opening up
and being replaced by a single carbon-carbon covalent bond
forming thousands of joint molecules
and the polymer as its only product.
describe condensation polymerisation
when two different types of monomer join together by each of their different functional groups reacting with each other, forming a polymer and a small molecule
what are simple carbohydrates also known as
what do they join up to form
monosaccharides
join up to form polysaccharides
give to examples of how glucose monomers (condensation) polymerise in organisms
into starch/cellulose polymers + water
what are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
how are polypeptides produced?
the condensation polymerisation amino acids, in which
their two functional groups react with one another
as one is basic (the amine) and the other acidic (carboxylic acid)
forming polypeptides and water
which two functional groups do amino acids have?
the amine group -NH2 (basic)
the carboxylic acid group -COOH (acidic)
what type of condensation is DNA formed by?
give a word equation for this
condensation
millions of nucleotides -> polynucleotide (DNA) + water
describe the structure of a DNA molecule
two polymer chains
made from four nucleotides
in a double helix
what does a nucleotide monomer consist of
a phosphate bonded to a sugar bonded to one of four possible bases (A, T, G or C)
what monomer is starch made of
glucose