C11 Polymers

Question 1

describe addition polymerisation

Answer 1

when alkene molecules join up to form polymers by
the double covalent bond between carbon atoms in each molecule opening up
and being replaced by a single carbon-carbon covalent bond
forming thousands of joint molecules
and the polymer as its only product.

Question 2

describe condensation polymerisation

Answer 2

when two different types of monomer join together by each of their different functional groups reacting with each other, forming a polymer and a small molecule

Question 3

what are simple carbohydrates also known as
what do they join up to form

Answer 3

monosaccharides
join up to form polysaccharides

Question 4

give to examples of how glucose monomers (condensation) polymerise in organisms

Answer 4

into starch/cellulose polymers + water

Question 5

what are the monomers of proteins?

Answer 5

amino acids

Question 6

how are polypeptides produced?

Answer 6

the condensation polymerisation amino acids, in which
their two functional groups react with one another
as one is basic (the amine) and the other acidic (carboxylic acid)
forming polypeptides and water

Question 7

which two functional groups do amino acids have?

Answer 7

the amine group -NH2 (basic)
the carboxylic acid group -COOH (acidic)

Question 8

what type of condensation is DNA formed by?
give a word equation for this

Answer 8

condensation
millions of nucleotides -> polynucleotide (DNA) + water

Question 9

describe the structure of a DNA molecule

Answer 9

two polymer chains
made from four nucleotides
in a double helix

Question 10

what does a nucleotide monomer consist of

Answer 10

a phosphate bonded to a sugar bonded to one of four possible bases (A, T, G or C)

Question 11

what monomer is starch made of

Answer 11

glucose