Pseudomonas

Question 1

Examples of Non fermenters gram negative bacteria?

Answer 1

Pseudomonas,
acinetobacter,
Bulkhoderia

Question 2

Format for answering Pseudomonas essay?

Answer 2

Introduction,
Epidemiology
Classification,
Pathogenesis,
Clinical manifestations
Laboratory findings,
Treatment,drug resistance if any.

Question 3

What is the habit of pseudomonas

Answer 3

They’re saprophytes, found in the soil, water, moist environment.

Question 4

The most common specie is?

Answer 4

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 5

Which specie is seen in blood transfusion cases?

Answer 5

Pseudomonas fluorescens

Question 6

Where are the common surrounding areas colonized by pseudomonas?

Answer 6

Hospitals,
Domestic sinks,
Taps,
Traps,
Drains

Question 7

Mention the human area’s that are predisposed to colonization
PEETA

Answer 7

Moist areas;
Perineum,
Toes,
Fingers,
Ear,
Eyes
Axilla

Question 8

Which gram negative bacteria causes “toe web rot in soldiers stationed in swampy areas?

Answer 8

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 9

What is the common ear disease that affects divers who came in contact with an infected pool?

Answer 9

Otitis externa

Question 10

The broad range of conditions caused by pseudomonas is due to what?

Answer 10

The fact that it’s both invasive and toxigenic

Question 11

Pseudomonas has low intrinsic virulence in man and animal, T or F?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What condition is pseudomonas likely to cause an infection?

Answer 12

When the host defence are compromised.

or when the skin/mucous layer is breached.
E.g burns, ICU patients, Neutropenic PTS, PTS with indwelling devices like catheter

Question 13

Which culture medium gives a large opaque irregular colonies with metallic sheen?

Answer 13

Nutrient agar

Question 14

Which media facilities pigment production?

Answer 14

King’s media

Question 15

Which media is a selective media

Answer 15

Cetrimide agar

Question 16

What is the feature of pseudomonas in blood agar?

Answer 16

Mild Beta hemolysis

Question 17

List the Nosocomial infections associated with pseudomonas

Answer 17

Ventilated association pneumonia.

Chronic respiratory infxn in cystic fibrosis.

Ecthyma gangrenosum as a result of bacteriemia.

Joint and bone infxn (osteomyelitis, meningitis).

Urinary tract infections in case of catheter use.

Shanghai fever (mild fever that resembles typhoid)

Eye infections as a result of contact lenses (Endolpthamitis, keratitis,cornea ulcers)

Question 18

Example of community acquired disease;

Answer 18

Swimmers ear(otitis externa).
Malignant otitis externa in diabetics.
Folliculitis and varicose from jacuzzis

Question 19

Which virulence factors are associated with attachment and colonization stage;

Answer 19

Fimbriae, flagellum, pili
Alginate coat

Question 20

How does type IV pili aid in attachment

Answer 20

They associated with the glycosylated region of glycosphingolipid,GM1 and GM2 of epithelial cells

Question 21

What are the virulence factors that aid local invasion?

Answer 21

diffusible toxins
Non-diffusable toxins.

LPS, pycocyanin, pyoverdin, capsular polysaccharide that promote evasion of host defence.

Wide temperature range (4-45°c) enables it to survive under various temperature.

Multidrug resistance and multi disinfectant resistance

Question 22

List the diffusible Exotoxins and state their functions

Answer 22

They include;
Alkaline proteases
Elastase; digest elastin
Hemolysins: digests fibrin of RBC.
Phospholipase: digests host cell wall.

Exotoxin A: binds to elongation factor 2 and inhibit protein synthesis of host cell.

Question 23

List the non-diffusable toxins.
State their system of secretion.
And outline their function

Answer 23

They include;
Exotoxins S,U,T,Y

They are secreted by Type 3 secretion system {T3SS}

They are released from pseudomonas cytoplasm to host’s cytoplasm where they disrupt and corrupt cellular processes, cellular membranes integrity which facilitates Bacteria invasion.

Question 24

Iridescence is a culture feature of?

Answer 24

Pseudomonas in nutrient agar.

Gives large opaque irregular colonies with metallic sheen

Question 25

List all the laboratory biochemical positives of pseudomonas

Answer 25

Citrate
Oxidase
Catalase
Glucose utilisation
Sucrose utilisation
Hydrolysis of starch.
Hydrolysis of Gelatin.
Nitrogen reduction
Pigment production

Question 26

List all the laboratory negatives;

Answer 26

Gram stain.
Indole
Methyl red
Mannitol utilisation
Voges Proskauer

Question 27

List the cephalosporins that pseudomonas is sensitive to;

Answer 27

Cefepime, Cefoperazones, ceftazidime

Question 28

List the quinolones that pseudomonas is sensitive to;

Answer 28

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin

Question 29

List the penicillins , pseudomonas is sensitive to

Answer 29

Ticarcillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin

Question 30

List the carbapenems, pseudomonas is sensitive to;

Answer 30

Imipenem, meropenem

Question 31

List the monobactam , pseudomonas is sensitive to

Answer 31

Aztreonem

Question 32

List the aminoglycosides, pseudomonas is sensitive to;

Answer 32

Amikacin, gentamicin,tobramycin

Question 33

List the polymyxins, pseudomonas is sensitive to

Answer 33

Polymyxin B and Polymyxin E(colistin)

Question 34

Foot webbed rot is an example of community acquired infxn seen in?

Answer 34

Soldiers in the tropics

Question 35

Green fingers are features seen in pseudomonas is as a result of?

Answer 35

Frequent Immersion of fingers in water