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Eco lec > Population eco > Flashcards

Population eco Flashcards

1
Q

Population of the Philippines is ______as of May 20, 2023- Worldometer elaboration of the latest UN data.

A

113,771,856

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2
Q

The Philippines, __ of the world’s flora and ranks ___worldwide in terms of number of plant species. Ranks ____ worldwide in bird endemism.

A

5%; fifth; fourth

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3
Q

We measure this with themortality rate(also called the death rate).

A

death

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4
Q

This is the permanent movement of individuals out of a population.

A

emigration

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5
Q

This is the permanent arrival of new individuals into the population.

A

immigration

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6
Q

The way we measure additions of this type is with the natality rate (also called the birth rate)

A

birth

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7
Q

A group of individuals of the same species that live within a particular area and interact with one another.

A

population

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8
Q

The study population in relation to environment, including environmental influences density, distribution, age structure and abundance.

A

population ecology

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9
Q

In species that reproduce ____, a population might be defined as the group of individuals that interact by interbreeding.

A

sexually

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10
Q

In species that reproduce ___, a population must be defined by other kinds of interactions, such as competition for common sources of food.

A

asexually

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11
Q

the number of individuals in the population

A

Population size

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12
Q

the number of individuals per unit of area.

A

Population density

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13
Q

, geographic area where individuals of a species occur.

A

Distribution

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14
Q

the number of individuals of a species that are found in a given area

A

Abundance

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15
Q

Distribution and abundance change over ___and ____

A

time, space

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16
Q

Pattern of spacing of individuals within the boundaries of the population

A

dispersion

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17
Q

most common dispersion
Usually because of resources
Humans

A

Clumped

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18
Q

type of dispersion where:
Interactions between the individuals in the population
Territoriality

A

Uniform

19
Q

type of dispersion:
Inconsistent
Plants – windblown seeds

A

Random

20
Q

Relative number of individuals at each age group
Used to project future population growth
“pyramid” shaped

A

Age structure

21
Q

Greater number of _______ means greater potential for growth.

A

young individuals

22
Q

Shows the number of individuals alive during each stage of life

A

survivorship curve

23
Q

type of survivorship curve:

few offspring
Low death rates at beginning of life
Lots of parental care

A

Type I

24
Q

type of survivorship curve:

medium offspring
Consistent death rate at all age groups

A

Type II

25
Q

type of survivorship curve:

lots offspring
High death rates at beginning of life
Little or no parental care

A

Type III

26
Q

____, describes populations that increase in numbers without any limits to their growth. (J-shaped curve)

A

Exponential growth

27
Q

________, introduces limits to reproductive growth that become more intense as the population size increases. (S-shaped curve)

A

Logistic growth

28
Q

– increases continually without limiting factors – assumes resources are unlimited

A

Exponential Model

29
Q

A_____refers to any of thefactors(variables) in anenvironmentcapable of limiting a process, such as the growth, abundance, or distribution of apopulationoforganismsin an ecosystem.

A

limiting factor

30
Q

What category of limiting factor?

Birth rate and death rate change with population size
The larger the population gets the more competition
Resources
Territoriality
Disease
Predation
Toxic waste (metabolic)
Intrinsic Factors

A

Density Dependent Factors

31
Q

What category of limiting factor?

Size of the population does not effect the birth rate or death rate

_____ – will occur regardless of population size

A

Density Independent Factors

Natural disasters

32
Q

_____ – account for limiting factors and limited resources

A

Logistic Model

33
Q

_____ – the number of individuals that can occupy the habitat (K)

A

Carrying Capacity

34
Q

________
Maximum growth rate below carrying capacity

A

r – selected

35
Q

Maximizes population size at or near carrying capacity

A

k – selected

36
Q

Determined by the tradeoff between birth rate and survival probability

A

reproduction

37
Q

– 1 single large reproductive effort
Harsh environments
Low survival rate for long periods of time
Insects, annual plants, salmon

A

Semelparity

38
Q

– multiple smaller reproductive effort
Occurs in organisms that survive for long periods of time once established
Mammals, perennial plants

A

Iteroparity

39
Q

—when two organisms of the same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time.

A

Competition

40
Q

—involves both the place where an organism lives and the roles that an organism has in its habitat.

A

Niche

41
Q

—one organism captures and feeds on another organism

  1. ______—one that does the killing
  2. ______—one that is the food
A

Predation

Predator

Prey

42
Q

______—any relationship in which two species live closely together

1.  \_\_\_\_\_\_—both species benefit (WIN-WIN)
	a.  Ex:  insects and flowers
A

Symbiosis
Mutualism

43
Q

—one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.
(WIN-0)

A

Commensalism

44
Q

—one organisms lives on or inside another organism (host) and harms it.

A

Parasitism

Eco lec (4 decks)

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