behavioral eco

Question 1

are defined as actions in response to stimuli, and almost all organisms exhibit some form of behavior.

Answer 1

Behaviors

Question 2

Behavioral traits are an important part of an animal’s _____.

Answer 2

phenotype

Question 3

Behavior is shaped by ____

Answer 3

natural selection

Question 4

are genetically inherited by an organism from its parents.

Answer 4

Innatebehaviors

Question 5

____ are not inherited. They develop during an organism’s experience and environmental influence.

Answer 5

Learnedbehaviors

Question 6

-how the behavior arises in animals. (hereditary, developmental, structural, cognitive, psychological, and physiological aspects of behavior).

Answer 6

Proximate causes

Question 7

-the evolutionary history and functional utility of the behavior.

Answer 7

Ultimate causes

Question 8

• focuses on the behaviors of diverse organisms in their natural environment.

Answer 8

ETHOLOGY

Question 9

______ is an extension of work done in human psychology. It focuses largely on a few species studied in a lab setting.

Answer 9

Comparative psychology

Question 10

is the research field that views behavior as an evolutionary adaptation to the natural ecological conditions of animals.

Answer 10

Behavioral ecology

Question 11

a type ofnatural selectionthat acts collectively on all members of a given group.

Answer 11

group selection

Question 12

Refers to idea that natural selection sometimes acts on whole groups of organisms, favoring some groups over others, leading to the evolution of traits that are group-advantageous.

Answer 12

group selection

Question 13

A behavior that enhanced the fitness of other individuals in the population by engaging in activities that decrease their own reproductive success.

Answer 13

altruism

Question 14

______involves signals that can be seen. Examples of these signals include gestures, facial expressions, body postures, and coloration.

Answer 14

Visual communication

Question 15

-communication based on sound
-use sounds to convey warnings, attract mates, defend territories, and coordinate group behaviors.

Answer 15

auditory

Question 16

are more limited in range than the other types of signals, as two organisms must be right next to each other in order to touch.

Answer 16

Tactile signals

Question 17

A __is a secreted chemical signal used to trigger a response in another individual of the same species.

Answer 17

pheromone

Question 18

– provide simple, digital – yes or no, on or off – kinds of information

Answer 18

Discrete Signals

Question 19

– falls along a continuum of intensity or complexity, and their variability allows the signaler to provide riche, analog information. Can be transmitted in many ways

Answer 19

Graded Signals

Question 20

____is fundamental to the lives of animals.
Searching for wild foods. It affects the fitness because plays an important role in an animal’s ability to survive and reproduced.

Answer 20

Foraging

Question 21

A variety of foraging in which animals, find, capture and consume their prey alone.
Individuals can manually exploit patches or they can use tools to exploit their prey

Answer 21

Solitary Foraging

Question 22

Animals, find, capture and consume their prey alone with the presence of other individuals.
A group of predators work together to isolate one or few animals from a larger group

Answer 22

Group Foraging

Question 23

It is a process in which individuals with certain characteristics gain an advantage over others of the same sex solely with respect to mating success.

Answer 23

Sexual Selection

Question 24

refers to the number of mating partners that males or females have and the pattern of parental care.

Answer 24

Mating system

Question 25

The behavioral pairing of a single male with a single female. It is most common in birds and rare in other animals

Answer 25

monogamy

Question 26

The association of one male with multiple females

is a strategy used by males to increase their reproductive fitness.

Answer 26

polygyny

Question 27

is a group with one female and many males

is a reproductive strategy that helps a female ensure reproductive success by providing her with multiple mating options

Answer 27

polyandry

Question 28

: low likelihood of subsequent mating with same individual

Answer 28

Promiscuous

Question 29

: high likelihood of subsequent mating with one individual

Answer 29

Monogamous

Question 30

: high likelihood of subsequent mating with more than one individual

Answer 30

Polygamous

Question 31

: one male mates with several females

Answer 31

Polygyny

Question 32

: one female mates with several males

Answer 32

Polyandry

Question 33

: Activity only when stimulus is present, but activity is random (a.k.a., not moving only when happy)

Answer 33

Kinesis

Question 34

: Movement up or down a gradient, i.e., towards something good or a way from something bad

Answer 34

Taxis

Question 35

: Regular (e.g., annual) movement back and forth from place to place

Answer 35

Migration

Question 36

: Directed movement from landmark to landmark; requires some form of map

Answer 36

Piloting

Question 37

: Directed movement consistently in a particular direction (e.g., employing compass)

Answer 37

Orientation

Question 38

: Directed movement employing some combination of piloting and orientation

Answer 38

Navigation

Question 39

are interactions between conspecifics

Answer 39

Social Behaviors

Question 40

______is the application of evolutionary theory to our understanding of social behaviors

These behaviors include:
____________
____________
____________
____________

Answer 40

Sociobiology

Fighting (and dominance hierarchies and maintaining territories)
Courting and Mating
Raising progeny
Cooperating (and Defecting)