Classifying organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Taxonomy

A

The science of classifying organisms (based on structure, function, biochemistry, or other relationships)

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2
Q

Hierarchy of biological classification

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (dear king phillip came over for good soup)

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3
Q

Domain of life

A

The most general level of life that an organism can be classified into
(Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya)

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4
Q

Archaea

A

Prokaryotic cells
often live in extreme environments
(membranes composed of branched hydrogen chains)

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5
Q

Bacteria

A
  • prokaryotic cells
  • fatty membranes
  • ex: cyanobacteria
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6
Q

Eukarya

A
  • eukaryotic cells
  • fatty membranes
  • divided into Protista (molds, alagae), Fungi (yeasts, molds), Plantae (plants), Animalia (animals)
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7
Q

Kingdom

A
  • second highest rank
  • Monera (bacteria and archaea), Protista, plantae, fungi, and animalia
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8
Q

Monera

A

Prokaryotic and unicellular (archaea and bacteria)

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9
Q

Animalia

A

Eukaryotic and heterotrophic (worms, reptiles, mammals, birds, etc)

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10
Q

Plantae

A

Eukaryotic and autotrophic (flowers, moss, ferns)

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11
Q

Fungi

A

Unicellular and eukaryotic cells (molds, mushrooms)

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12
Q

Protista

A

Eukaryotic cells (algae)

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13
Q

Phylum

A
  • a scientific term grouping together related organisms on the basis of their fundamental characteristics
  • below kingdom, above class
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14
Q

Class

A
  • Organisms that share common attributes
  • below phylum, above order
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15
Q

Order

A

A group of related families,
- below order, above family

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16
Q

Genus

A

The distinction of a certain species
- below family, above species

17
Q

Species

A

Specific membres of a species with variation
- lowest taxonomic level

18
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Genetic material is non-membrane bound, smaller, older

19
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Genetic material is membrane bound in a nucleus, larger, newer

20
Q

Dichotomous keys

A

listing of characteristics in such a way that a scientist will be able to identify the name of the organism
- Dichotomous keys always ask 2 questions at any one time. The two questions will distinguish 2 separate categories of the organisms in question, and will continue subdividing into 2 categories until all organisms are classified

21
Q

Fungi

A

Unicellular and eukaryotic cells (molds,

22
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

Created the biological nomenclature system in latin to name organisms (names are based of genus and species)