W4-T1 Psychological Approaches 1: Individual Therapies

Question 1

What is the definition of mental illness in
the current socio-economical context

Answer 1

DSM 5 define it as (1) disruption in the way we feel (emotional regulation), act (behaviour), and think (cognition) indicates mental dysfunctioning (2) can be related to distress in work, relationship and other areas in life

Question 2

How is the current definition of mental disorder shifted from the past?

Answer 2

From focusing on one aspect to multifactorial (e.g. DSM definition acknowledge the disturbance can be in cognition, emotions, and behaviour and can be related to many aspects of life)

Question 3

Psychoanalytic theory was founded by

Answer 3

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Question 4

Definition of psychoanalytic model

Answer 4

development (growth, evolution) and organization (operation) of personality that leads psychoanalysis

Question 5

Why Freud psychoanalytic theory is now widely disputed and rejected

Answer 5

1. The deterministic view of human nature
   1.1 illogical forces
   1.2 biological and instinctual drives
   1.3 unconscious motivations.

Question 6

According to Freud, what is eros (life)?

Answer 6

1. sexual drive
2. Creative life force

Question 7

According to Freud, what is Thanatos?

Answer 7

1. death
2. destructiveness

Question 8

According to Freud, how personality is shaped?

Answer 8

sexual drive, with constant conflict between biological drive and social expectation

Question 9

According to Freud, how fully mature healthy personality is developed

Answer 9

successful internal conflict navigation
developmental stage mastery

Question 10

According to Freud, what happen if the internal conflict is unsuccessfully navigated

Answer 10

lead to behavioural disorder / personality disorder

Question 11

what is the element of personality according to Freud

Answer 11

Id, ego, super ego

Question 12

concept of id

Answer 12

driven by internal and basic drive/ needs (hunger, sex, thirst) – it wants what it wants at the moment with no regards for others

Question 13

concept of ego

Answer 13

ego is realistic – help to compromise id’s wishes as it relates to other people needs and desire

Question 14

concept of super ego and when it develops

Answer 14

age of 5
the moral and ethical restraint

Question 15

which element is in the conscious mind according to Freud

Answer 15

ego (thoughts, concept)

Question 16

element in the unconscious mind

Answer 16

ID and superego (emotions, belief, feelings, impulse)

Question 17

what is in the preconscious mind

Answer 17

memory and knowledge

Question 18

define object-relation theory

Answer 18

emphasize family relationships, especially between mother and child
(object = other, relation = interpersonal)

Question 19

main difference between object-relation theory to Freud psychoanalytic theory

Answer 19

focus more on interpersonal relationship and less on biological drive

Question 20

what melanie klein known for

Answer 20

mother of object relation theory

Question 21

according to melanie klein, what is the healthy age of development of the infant’s ego

Answer 21

6 months

Question 22

what lead melanie klein to object related theory

Answer 22

interested in understanding the early cause of psychosis

Question 23

what is paranoid-schizoid phase

Answer 23

in the first 6 months of infant age

he learns how to project out his loving and hating feelings into separate parts of the mother or ‘the breast’

good breast: loved
bad breast: hated

good and bad can’t coexist

Question 24

what is depressive phase

Answer 24

3 to 6 months

infant learn the object as a whole

good and bad can coexist

Question 25

According to Klein, what can be the cause of psychological and psychiatric distress

Answer 25

lack of successful navigation towards healthy developmental stages

Question 26

what is the object relation theory donald winnicott emphasize on

Answer 26

vulnerability of the infant and good holding environment provided by the caregiver

Question 27

what is the concept of good enough mother

Answer 27

able to provide physical, emotional support and love. protect baby from murderous part of her

Question 28

how symbiosis disillusionment happened

Answer 28

through play and through the use of a transitional
object, which is the first known ‘me’ possession

Question 29

why winnicott theory is criticized

Answer 29

for putting mother on naughty step

Question 30

what influenced john bowlby work on the object relation theory

Answer 30

work experience

life experience

Question 31

what was the focused of john bowlby work

Answer 31

children who separated from caregiver

Question 32

what is john bowlby argument related to object relation theory

Answer 32

attachment theory:
1. it is an innate primary drive –derived from the association of the mother
2. the quality and nature of this bond were crucial for social, cognitive, and emotional development
3. it was the basis for the future capacity to build relationships

Question 33

how attachment theory relate to internal working model

Answer 33

prototype for the future expectations on how they will relate to others and
how others will relate to them.

Question 34

name 3 attachment style

Answer 34

avoidant, unloved/rejected
secure, positive/loved
ambivalent, inconsistent