W3-T2 The Burden of Mental-ill Health for the individual Flashcards
what are the symptoms of scizophrenia
delusions, hallucinations, thought disorders etc
the burden of schizophrenia on an individual level
inability to carry out day-to-day tasks
affect memories, attention, language
medication side effects
hospitalization
loss of self-identity
discrimination
premature death
stigma
the personal burden of schizophrenia on society level
unemployment, poverty, homelessness, social isolation, smaller social networks, victimization, less likely to get married or have family, premature mortality, criminal justice system
define the impact of mental disorder on carers
emotional
financial
practical
social
–> burden on the carer can be reduced with appropriate policy and service intervention
impact of mental disorder from phenomenological approach (as experience by the patients)
experience cognitive intrusions and disruptions
experience a decline in functioning
experience overt delusions and hallucinations,
decreased sense of agency
increase social withdrawal
becoming demoralised and despairing
—> there is a way out
important part of the contemporary recovery narrative
first person experience
define disability according to WHO
‘disabilities is an umbrella term covering impairments, activity limitations, and
participation restrictions. An impairment is a problem in body-functional structure. An activity
limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual executing the task or actions, while a
participation restriction is a problem experienced by the individual involvement in life situations. Thus,
disability is a complex phenomenon reflecting interaction between features of a person’s body, and
features of the society in which he or she lives
—> not all disability is visible, mental health included as non visible disability
—> WHO description designed for people with invisible disability
the current data of disability according to WHO
1 out of 7 people live with a disability
define how the impact of illness is being measured
quality of life
health-related quality of life
quality-adjusted life years
disability adjusted life years
define QoL according to CDC
‘A broad multidimensional concept that usually includes subjective evaluations of both positive and negative
aspects of life… [A] although the term ‘quality of life’ has meaning for nearly everyone and every
academic discipline, individuals, and groups can define it differently… [H]ealth is one of the important
domains of overall quality of life, there are other domains as well - for instance, jobs, housing,
schools, the neighbourhood. Aspects of culture, values, and spirituality are also key aspects of
overall quality of life that add to the complexity of its measurement
define six approaches/domain to quality of life and the examples
objective (income, living conditions, resources, occupation)
needs (based on Marlow’s hierarchy of needs - physiological, safety/comfort, belonging/love, esteem, self-actualization)
subjective (hedonic state of happiness, life satisfaction, satisfaction within a particular domain)
psychological well-being (morale, self-esteem, self-efficacy, autonomy and control)
capabilities (poverty, ignorance, oppression, capability deprivation)
HR-QOL (a person’s subjective perception of the impact of health status, including disease and treatment - on physical, psychological and social functioning and well-being)
Define Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALY)
the measure of the value of health interventions
How QALY is calculated
by multiplying survival in life years with the utility associated with a particular health state.
full health rates as 1, and death rates as 0
Define Disability-adjusted Life Year (DALY)
the years of lost life plus the years of lost disability
(joins together ‘years lived with a disability, which is calculated by the prevalence of a disorder times the disability weight for a
condition, with ‘years of lost life’ (impact premature mortality)
How DALY is measured
perfect health gives a weight of nil (0). Extreme ill health, a weight of one.
