Chapt 17 Flashcards
Which component of physical security addresses outer‐level access control?
A) Fences
B) Access control vestibule
C) Multifactor authentication
D) Strong passwords
Fences
A. Fences are intended to delay or deter entrance into a facility. Access control vestibules are used for mid‐layer access control to prevent tailgating. Multifactor authentication is used for mid‐ and inner‐layer access control. Strong passwords are used for mid‐ and inner‐layer access control.
Which type of device can detect weapons on a person entering a facility?
A) Biometrics
B) Magnetometer
C) Motion sensor
D) Badge reader
Magnetometer
B. A magnetometer, also known as a metal detector, can detect weapons on a person entering a facility. Biometrics are used to authenticate someone based on their face, retina, fingerprint, or some other method that biologically verifies their identity. A motion sensor is used to detect motion. A badge reader is used to scan security ID badges.
As part of your training program, you’re trying to educate users on the importance of security. You explain to them that not every attack depends on implementing advanced technological methods. Some attacks, you explain, take advantage of human shortcomings to gain access that should otherwise be denied. Which term do you use to describe attacks of this type?
A) Social engineering
B) IDS
C) Perimeter security
D) Biometrics
Social engineering
A. Social engineering uses the inherent trust in the human species, as opposed to technology, to gain access to your environment. IDSs are network‐based systems that detect intrusions. Perimeter security describes physical security. Biometrics describes an authentication method based on human physical traits.
You’re in the process of securing the IT infrastructure by adding fingerprint scanners to your existing authentication methods. This type of security is an example of which of the following?
A) Access control
B) Physical barriers
C) Biometrics
D) Softening
Biometrics
C. A fingerprint scanner, or any device that identifies a person by a physical trait, is considered a biometric security control. Access control is the system that controls access for users. Physical barriers are structures that limit physical access. Softening refers to weakening of security.
Which type of attack denies authorized users access to network resources?
A) DoS
B) Worm
C) Trojan
D) Social engineering
Dos A. Although the end result of any of these attacks may be denying authorized users access to network resources, a denial‐of‐service (DoS) attack is specifically intended to prevent access to network resources by overwhelming or flooding a service or network. Worms reproduce and move throughout the network to infect other systems. Trojans are programs that enter a system or network under the guise of another program. Social engineering is a process in which an attacker attempts to acquire information about your network and system by social means, such as talking to people in the organization.
As the security administrator for your organization, you must be aware of all types of attacks that can occur and plan for them. Which type of attack uses more than one computer to attack the victim?
A) DoS
B) DDoS
C) Worm
D) Rootkit
DDoS B. A distributed denial‐of‐service (DDoS) attack uses multiple computer systems to attack a server or host in the network. A denial‐of‐service (DoS) is a one‐on‐one attack to disrupt service. Worms reproduce and move throughout the network to infect other systems and therefore do not attack one victim. Rootkits are software programs that have the ability to hide themselves from the operating system.
A vice president of your company calls a meeting with the IT department after a recent trip to competitors’ sites. She reports that many of the companies she visited granted access to the operating system or applications after an employee presented a number that rotated. Of the following, which technology relies on a rotating number for users for authentication?
A) Smartcard
B) Biometrics
C) Geofencing
D) Token
Tokens D. Tokens are rotating numerical keys that you must physically have with you to gain access to the operating system or applications. Biometrics relies on a physical characteristic of the user to verify identity. Biometric devices typically use either a hand pattern or a retinal scan to accomplish this. Smartcards contain a private certificate key and are protected with a password. Geofencing uses your GPS coordinates to ensure that the authentication happens when you are in a defined geographic area.
You’ve discovered that credentials to a specific application have been stolen. The application is accessed from only one computer on the network. Which type of attack is this most likely to be?
A) On‐path attack
B) Zero‐day
C) Denial‐of‐service (DoS)
D) Smurf
on‐path attack A. An on‐path attack intercepts data and then sends the information to the server as if nothing were wrong while collecting the information. Zero‐day attacks are attacks in which a developer has not properly patched a hole yet and is unaware of the hole. A denial‐of‐service (DoS) attack is used to disrupt legitimate requests from being answered. A smurf attack is a type of distributed denial‐of‐service (DDoS).
A junior administrator comes to you in a panic. After looking at the log files, he has become convinced that an attacker is attempting to use a legitimate IP address to disrupt access elsewhere on the network. Which type of attack is this?
A) Spoofing
B) Social engineering
C) Worm
D) Password
spoofing A. A spoofing attack is an attempt by someone or something to masquerade as someone else (IP address) and is often used to disrupt access. Social engineering is a process in which an attacker attempts to acquire information about your network and system by social means, such as talking to people in the organization. Worms reproduce and move throughout the network to infect other systems. Password attacks are used in an attempt to guess passwords.
Which of the following is different from a virus in that it can reproduce itself, is self‐contained, and doesn’t need a host application to be transported?
A) Worm
B) Smurf
C) Phish
D) Trojan
worm A. A worm is different from a virus in that it can reproduce itself, is self‐contained, and doesn’t need a host application to be transported. A smurf attack is a type of distributed denial‐of‐service (DDoS). A phishing attack is an attempt to gain a user’s credentials to a network resource. Trojan horses are programs that enter a system or network under the guise of another program.
A reflective attack attempts to use a broadcast ping on a network. The return address of the ping may be that of a valid system in your network. Which protocol does the reflective attack use to conduct the attack?
A) TCP
B) IP
C) UDP
D) ICMP
ICMP D. The reflective attack is using a broadcast ping (ICMP) on a network. The return address of the ping may be that of a valid system in your network. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is not typically used with a reflective attack. The Internet Protocol (IP) is a suite of protocols and solely used with a reflective attack. The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is not described in this reflective attack.
Which type of attack involves passing a database query with a web request?
A) Insider threat
B) Evil twin
C) SQL injection
D) Tailgating
SQL Injection C. A SQL injection attack is a method of passing a SQL query with a web request by using an escape code sequence. An insider threat is a threat from within your organization, such as a disgruntled employee. An evil twin attack involves a rogue access point with the same SSID as your organization. Tailgating is the act of walking behind someone who has swiped to get into an area so the attacker can gain entry.
Which is an example of an authentication method in which you have something?
A) Password
B) Key fob
C) Fingerprint
D) Place
key fob
B. A key fob is an example of authentication for something you have. A password is something you know. A fingerprint is something you are. A place is a geographical place in which you are.
You need to protect your users from potentially being phished via email. Which of the following should you use to protect them?
A) Antivirus software
B) End‐user education
C) SecureDNS
D) The principle of least privilege
End‐user education
B. End‐user education is the best way to protect your users from the threat of phishing via email. Antivirus software is used to prevent viruses, not phishing attempts. SecureDNS can be useful in protecting your users, but not from phishing emails. The principle of least privilege assigns only the permissions that users need to do their work, and no more.
Your help desk has informed you that they received an urgent call from the vice president last night requesting his login ID and password. When you talk with the VP today, he says he never made that call. What type of attack is this?
A) Spoofing
B) Replay
C) Social engineering
D) Trojan horse
Social engineering
C. Spear phishing is a type of social engineering, where someone is trying to con your organization into revealing account and password information by pretending to be a high‐level person. A spoofing attack is an attempt by someone or something to masquerade as someone else, with the intent of disrupting access. A replay attack is a form of on‐path attack, where packets are replayed at a critical time. Trojan horses are programs that enter a system or network under the guise of another program.
Internal users suspect there have been repeated attempts to infect their systems, as reported to them by pop‐up messages from their antivirus software. According to the messages, the virus seems to be the same in every case. What is the most likely culprit?
A) A server is acting as a carrier for a virus.
B) A password attack is being carried out.
C) Your antivirus software has malfunctioned.
D) A DoS attack is under way.
A server is acting as a carrier for a virus.
A. Some viruses won’t damage a system in an attempt to spread into all the other systems in a network. These viruses use that system as the carrier of the virus. A password attack would not prompt your antivirus software to notify you. Your antivirus software could be malfunctioning, but it would not suggest the same virus is infecting you over and over again. A denial‐of‐service (DoS) attack would not prompt your antivirus to notify you.
You’re working late one night and notice that the hard drive on your new computer is very active even though you aren’t doing anything on the computer and it isn’t connected to the Internet. What is the most likely suspect?
A) A spear phishing attack is being performed.
B) A virus is spreading in your system.
C) Your system is under a DoS attack.
D) TCP/IP hijacking is being attempted.
A virus is spreading in your system.
B. A symptom of many viruses is unusual activity on the system disk. The virus spreading to other files on your system causes this. A disk failure will not create high disk activity. A spear phishing attack is a social engineering attack and will not create high disk activity; neither denial‐of‐service attacks nor TCP/IP hijacking attacks will create high disk activity.
You’re the administrator for a large bottling company. At the end of each month, you routinely view all logs and look for discrepancies. This month, your email system error log reports a large number of unsuccessful attempts to log in. It’s apparent that the email server is being targeted. Which type of attack is most likely occurring?
A) Brute‐force
B) Backdoor
C) Worm
D) TCP/IP hijacking
Brute‐force
A. A brute‐force attack is a type of password attack in which a password is guessed over and over until the right password is guessed. A backdoor attack is an embedded account that allows unauthorized access through an unpatched coding hole. A worm is different from a virus in that it can reproduce itself, is self‐contained, and doesn’t need a host application to be transported. A TCP/IP hijacking is an attack that attempts to redirect the TCP/IP conversation to the threat agent.
Your boss needs you to present to upper management the need for a firewall for the network. What is the thesis of your presentation?
A) The isolation of one network from another
B) The scanning of all packets for viruses
C) Preventing password attacks
D) The hardening of physical security
The isolation of one network from another
A. The thesis of your presentation should outline the need of a firewall to isolate the external network from the internal network. Firewalls will not scan packets for viruses. Firewalls will not prevent password attacks or harden physical security.
Which Active Directory component maps printers and drives during login?
A) Home folders
B) Organizational unit
C) Login script
D) Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
Login script
C. A login script is used by Active Directory during login to map drives and printers. A home folder is a private network location in which the user can store their personal files. Organizational units (OUs) are used to group computers and users so that Group Policy can be applied. The MMC is used to manage various aspects of Active Directory and the local operating system.
a ___ is used for 360-degree video surveillance
PTZ(pan-tilt-zoom) camera
which authentication method uses your fingerprint to authenticate you?
biometrics
a ____ is an architectural structure designed to act as a visual perimeter.
bollard
what type of server examines user credentials and grants them access to network resources?
authentication
what can be implemented to prevent tailgating?
access control vestibule
____ devices, such as hand scanners and retinal scanners, use physical characteristics to identify the user.
biometric
a ___ is used to detect weapons when people enter into a building
magnetometer
____ are security devices that you carry with you that display a randomly generated code that you can then use for authentication
key fob
what gives you access to resources, including buildings, parking lots, and computers? (it contains information about your identity and access privileges.)
smartcard
why should you disable guest accounts?
to increase system security
the principle of _____ is a simple one: when assigning permissions, give users only the permissions that they need to do their work and no more.
least privilege
which two protocols does active directory use for the lookup of objects and authentication of users and computers?
LDAP (lightweight directory access protocol)
and Kerberos
_____ software is typically used with a BYOD (bring your own device) strategy.
MDM (mobile device management)
which malicious software acts on behalf of a third party which, rather than self replicating, like viruses and worms, spreads to machines by users who inadvertently ask for it?
spyware
____ are software programs that have the ability to hide certain things from the operating system
rootkits
a firewall operating as a(n) ____ passes or blocks traffic to specific addresses based on the type of application.
packet filter
the act of digging in the trash in the expectation of gaining confidential information is _____
dumpster diving
if someone is so close to you when you enter a building that they are able to come in right behind you without needing to use a key, a card, or any other security device, they are said to be _____
tailgating
what is the name of film or glass add-ons that are placed over a monitor to prevent the data on the screen from being readable when viewed from the sides?
privacy filters
____ is a process in which an attacker attempts to acquire information about your network and system by social means, such as talking to people in the organization.
social engineering
_______ is a form of social engineering in which you simply ask someone for a piece of information that you are missing by making it look as if it is a legitimate request.
phishing
in ____ formatting, the drive controller chip and the drive meet for the very first time and learn to work together
low-level
_____ involves applying a strong magnetic field to initialize the media.
degaussing
you are a security admin in your organization. you have secured the server room by establishing a badge reader on the entrance, which allows only the authenticated persons to enter, but then an unauthenticated person also entered the server room and caused some harm. the management has asked to secure the server room with a physical property that is intrinsic to an individual human body. what control should you use to secure the server room in the given scenario?
A) biometric
B) entry control roster
C) mantrap
D) digital certificate
biometric
which of these is designed to centrally administer devices in order to assign device permissions, verify security compliance, apply updates and even monitor activity?
A) UTM
B) MDM
C) DRM
D) MMC
MDM mobile device management
which of the following malware types converts the computer into a zombie?
A) adware
B) botnet
C) backdoor
D) rootkit
botnet
D incorrect - the rootkit malware compromises boot systems and core operating system functions to hide from most detection methods.
which of these are embedded RFID circuits that fit on a set of keys and are used with physical access control systems?
A) smartcard
B) key fobs
C) magnetometer
D) biometric
key fobs
which of the following guidelines should be followed for account management in a windows 7 computer system? choose all that apply.
A) setting time restrictions
B) changing default usernames
C) restricting user permissions
D) enabling the guest account
A, B, and C
you have been tasked with limiting the number of users who can connect to a network printer located centrally within an office environment. which of the following tools will you use to complete this task?
A) VPN
B) ACL
C) RDP
D) LDAP
ACL access control list
LDAP is incorrect because it is a notwork protocol used to access network directory databases, which store info about authorized users and their privileges as well as other organizational information.
your boss needs you to present to upper management the need for a firewall for the network. what will be the thesis of your presentation?
A) the isolation of one network from another
B) the scanning of all packets for viruses
C) the prevention of password attacks
D) the hardening of physical security
the isolation of one network from another
which active directory component can enforce settings on a group of users or computers?
A) kerberos
B) group policy
C) login scripts
D) folder redirection
group policy
login scripts can set settings but cannot enforce the settings.
kerberos is an authentication protocol used with active directory
you’ve discovered that credentials to a specific application have been stolen. the application is accessed from only one computer on the network. which type of attack is this most likely to be?
A) zero-day
B) on-path attack
C) smurf
D) denial-of-service
on-path attack - intercepts data and then sends the info to the server as if nothing were wrong while collecting the info.
zero-day attacks are attacks in which a developer has not properly patched a hole yet and is unaware of the hole.
which of these is a method to alert security personnel in the event of unauthorized access or a break in?
A) equipment lock
B) PIR
C) alarm system
D) cable lock
alarm system
in which of the following attacks does an attacker intercept and relay communications between two points and impersonate each party in the eyes of the other?
A) DNS hijacking
B) DDoS
C) man in the middle
D) spoofing
man in the middle
incorrect answers
spoofing is a technique that falsifies the origin of network communications, either to redirect responses or to trick users into thinking it come from a trustworthy source.
DDoS is a type of DoS where a single target is flooded by traffic from many individual computers, often spread across the internet.
DNS hijacking is an attack in which an attacker gives false replies to DNS requests sent by a host to redirect traffic to a malicious or fraudulent site.
you’ve upgraded 4 computers and would like to securely re-purpose the hard drive for later use. which of these will you do to accomplish the task?
A) drive wipe
B) degaussing
C) quick format
D) pulverizing
drive wipe
degaussing is used for destroying data from the hard drive and the drive itself.
which statement is true about MDM software?
A) it is a hierarchical collection of security objects, such as users, computers, and policies, among other components.
B) it helps organizations to protect their data on devices that are personally owned by the employees
C) it is a service that can contain many different objects, including users, computers, and printers
D) it describes classes of objects and the attributes that define each object
it helps the organizations to protect their data on devices that are personally owned by the employees.
paul, an employee, receives an email that appears to be from the CEO, asking for a report of security credentials for all users. which of the following types of attacks is most likely occurring?
A) spoofing
B) ransomware
C) logic bomb
D) spear phishing
spear phishing
logic bomb - a piece of code that sits dormant on a users computer until it is triggered by a specific event, such as a specific date
a reflective attack attempts to use a broadcast ping on a network. the return address of the ping may be that of a valid system in your network. which protocol does the reflective attack use to conduct the attack?
A) ICMP
B) TCP
C) IP
D) UDP
ICMP - internet control message protocol
